The drivers of the intention to cruise during the Covid-19 pandemic: the role of the willingness to share personal information

Authors

  • Lara Penco
  • Giorgia Profumo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7433/s117.2022.06

Keywords:

intention to cruise; willingness to share personal information; trust; reputation; Covid-19

Abstract

Purpose of the paper: The recent Covid-19 crisis has increased consumers’ need/obligation to share personal data with companies, which may have an impact on the intention to buy. Our study explores this issue focusing on the cruise industry, where we investigate the mediating role of the willingness to share personal information in the relation between the intention to cruise and different antecedents.

Methodology: We performed a PLS-SEM applied to a sample of 661 Italian cruisers.

Results: We found that, during the current Covid-19 scenario, the intention to cruise is primarily affected by familiarity and reputation. The willingness to share highly sensitive information mediates the relation between trust in the personnel, familiarity, corporate reputation and the intention to cruise.

Research limitations: The main limitation is related to the focus on Italian respondents. Secondly, the data collection method was Internet-based and one-shot, while an experimental methodology and/or a longitudinal exploration could provide more robust results.

Practical implications: This study provides some managerial implications aimed at reinforcing the positive attitude of potential consumers to share personal information.

Originality of the paper: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first specific study aimed at investigating the relationship between the willingness to share personal information and the intention to buy in the cruise industry, examining the role of several antecedents such as multilayer trust, familiarity, corporate reputation and health risk perception.

References

AGUIRRE E., MAHR D., GREWAL D., DE RUYTER K., WETZELS M. (2015), “Unraveling the personalization paradox: The effect of information collection and trust-building strategies on online advertisement effectiveness”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 91, n. 1, pp. 34-49.

AIELLO G., DONVITO R., ACUTI D., GRAZZINI L., MAZZOLI V., VANNUCCI V., VIGLIA G. (2020), “Customers’ willingness to disclose personal information throughout the customer purchase journey in retailing: The role of perceived warmth”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 96, n. 4, pp. 490-506.

ALBA J.W., HUTCHINSON J.W. (1987), “Dimensions of consumer expertise”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 13, n. 4, pp- 411-454.

AMEEN N., HOSANY S., PAUL J. (2022), “The personalisation-privacy paradox: Consumer interaction with smart technologies and shopping mall loyalty”, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 126, pp. 106976.

BALOGLU S. (2001), “Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions”, Tourism Management, vol. 22, n. 2, pp. 127-133.

BART Y., SHANKAR V., SULTAN F., URBAN G.L. (2005), “Are the drivers and role of online trust the same for all web sites and consumers? A large-scale exploratory empirical study”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 69, n. 4, pp. 133-152.

BEKE F.T., EGGERS F., VERHOEF P.C., WIERINGA J.E. (2021), “Consumers’ Privacy Calculus: The PRICAL Index Development and Validation”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 39, n.1, pp. 20-41.

BELANCHE D., CASALÓ L.V., FLAVIÁN C., SCHEPERS J. (2014), “Trust transfer in the continued usage of public e-services”, Information and Management, vol. 51, n. 6, pp. 627-640.

BELLE N., CANTARELLI P., BATTAGLIO R.P. (2021), “To consent, or not to consent? The publicness effect on citizens’ willingness to grant access to personal data in the face of a health crisis”, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 28, n. 5, pp. 782-800.

BOWEN C., FIDGEON P., PAGE S.J. (2014), “Maritime tourism and terrorism: customer perceptions of the potential terrorist threat to cruise shipping”, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 17, n. 7, pp. 610-639.

BROUTSOU A., FITSILIS P. (2012), “Online trust: the influence of perceived company’s reputation on consumers’ trust and the effects of trust on intention for online transactions”, Journal of Service Science and Management, vol. 5, n. 4, pp. 365.

CASTALDO S. (2007), Trust in Market Relationships, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham (UK).

CASTALDO S., PENCO L., PROFUMO G. (2021), “Cruising in the COVID-19 pandemic era: Does perceived crowding really matter?”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 33, n. 8, pp. 2586-2612.

CHEN X., SUN M., WU D., SONG X.Y. (2019), “Information-sharing behavior on WeChat moments: The role of anonymity, familiarity, and intrinsic motivation”, Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 10, article 2540, pp. 1-15.

CLEEREN K., DEKIMPE M.G., HELSEN K. (2008), “Weathering product-harm crises”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 262-270.

COLEMAN J.S. (1990), Foundation of Social Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

COOMBS W.T., HOLLADAY S.J. (2002), “Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory”, Management Communication Quarterly, vol. 16, n. 2, pp. 165-186.

COOMBS W.T., HOLLADAY S. (2012), “Faith-holders as crisis managers: the Costa-Concordia rhetorical arena on Facebook” In Conference Paper, Euprera 2012 Congress, Istanbul, September 20 (Vol. 22).

CULNAN M.J., ARMSTRONG P.K. (1999), “Information privacy concerns, procedural fairness, and impersonal trust: An empirical investigation”, Organization Science, vol. 10, n. 1, pp. 104-115.

DINEV T., HART P. (2006), “Privacy concerns and levels of information exchange: An empirical investigation of intended e-services use”, E-Service, vol. 4, n. 3, pp. 25-60.

FARRELL A.M. (2010), “Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009)”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 63, n. 3, pp. 324-327.

FORGAS-COLL S., PALAU-SAUMELL R., SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA J., CAPLLIURE-GINER E.M. (2014), “The role of trust in cruise passenger behavioral intentions: The moderating effects of the cruise line brand”, Management Decision, vol. 52, n. 8, pp. 1346-1367.

FRIDGEN J.D. (1987), “Use of cognitive maps to determine perceived tourism regions”, Leisure Sciences, vol. 9, n. 2, pp. 101-117.

GEFEN D., PAVLOU P.A. (2012), “The boundaries of trust and risk: The quadratic moderating role of institutional structures”, Information Systems Research, vol. 23(3-part-2), pp. 940-959.

GERLACH J., WIDJAJA T., BUXMANN P. (2015), “Handle with care: How online social network providers’ privacy policies impact users’ information sharing behavior”, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol. 24, n. 1, pp. 33-43.

GÖSSLING S., SCOTT D., HALL C.M. (2020), “Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 1-20.

GRAEFF T.R. (2007), “Reducing uninformed responses: The effects of product‐class familiarity and measuring brand knowledge on surveys”, Psychology and Marketing, vol. 24, n. 8, pp. 681-702.

GROSSO M., CASTALDO S., LI H.A., LARIVIÈRE B. (2020), “What information do shoppers share? The effect of personnel-, retailer-, and country-trust on willingness to share information”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 96, n. 4, pp. 524-547.

GUENZI P., JOHNSON M.D., CASTALDO S. (2009), “A comprehensive model of customer trust in two retail stores”, Journal of Service Management, vol. 20, n. 3, pp. 290-316.

HA H.Y., PERKS H. (2005), “Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust”, Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review, vol. 4, n. 6, pp. 438-452.

HAHM J.J., SEVERT K. (2018), “Importance of destination marketing on image and familiarity”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 37-53.

HENTHORNE T.L., GEORGE B.P., SMITH W.C. (2013), “Risk perception and buying behavior: An examination of some relationships in the context of cruise tourism in Jamaica”, International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, vol. 14, n. 1, pp. 66-86.

HOLLAND J., MAZZAROL T., SOUTAR G.N., TAPSALL S., ELLIOTT W.A. (2021), “Cruising through a pandemic: The impact of COVID-19 on intentions to cruise”, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, vol. 9, 100328.

HUNG K., PETRICK J.F. (2011), “Why do you cruise? Exploring the motivations for taking cruise holidays, and the construction of a cruising motivation scale!”, Tourism Management, vol. 32, n. 2, pp. 386-393.

HUNG S.Y., DURCIKOVA A., LAI H.M., LIN W.M. (2011), “The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on individuals' knowledge sharing behaviour”, International Journal of Human-computer Studies, vol. 69, n. 6, pp. 415-427.

JIN Y. (2010), “Making sense sensibly in crisis communication: How publics’ crisis appraisals influence their negative emotions, coping strategy preferences, and crisis response acceptance”, Communication Research, vol. 37, n. 4, pp. 522-552.

JOHNSON-GEORGE C., SWAP W.C. (1982), “Measurement of specific interpersonal trust: Construction and validation of a scale to assess trust in a specific other”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 43, n. 6, pp. 1306.

JONAS A., MANSFELD Y., PAZ S., POTASMAN I. (2011), “Determinants of health risk perception among low-risk-taking tourists traveling to developing countries”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 50, n. 1, pp. 87-99.

KAPTEIN M., NASS C., PARVINEN P., MARKOPOULOS P. (2013, January), “Nice to know you: familiarity and influence in social networks”, In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 2745-2752), IEEE.

KEHR F., KOWATSCH T., WENTZEL D., FLEISCH E. (2015), “Blissfully ignorant: the effects of general privacy concerns, general institutional trust, and affect in the privacy calculus”, Information Systems Journal, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 607-635.

KEHR F., KOWATSCH T., WENTZEL D., FLEISCH E. (2015), “Blissfully ignorant: the effects of general privacy concerns, general institutional trust, and affect in the privacy calculus”, Information Systems Journal, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 607-635.

KEITH M.J., THOMPSON S.C., HALE J., LOWRY P.B., GREER C. (2013), “Information disclosure on mobile devices: Re-examining privacy calculus with actual user behaviour”, International Journal of Human-computer Studies, vol. 71, n. 12, pp. 1163-1173.

KIM K.K., SANKAR P., WILSON M.D., HAYNES S.C. (2017), “Factors affecting willingness to share electronic health data among California consumers”, BMC medical Ethics, vol. 18, n. 1, pp. 1-10.

KOMIAK S.Y., BENBASAT I. (2006), “The effects of personalization and familiarity on trust and adoption of recommendation agents”, MIS Quarterly, vol. 30, n. 4, pp. 941-960.

KOZAK M., CROTTS J.C., LAW R. (2007), “The impact of the perception of risk on international travellers”, International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 9, n. 4, pp. 233-242.

LAROCHE M., MCDOUGALL G.H., BERGERON J., YANG Z. (2004), “Exploring how intangibility affects perceived risk”, Journal of Service Research, vol. 6, n. 4, pp- 373-389.

LAUFER D., COOMBS W.T. (2006), “How should a company respond to a product harm crisis? The role of corporate reputation and consumer-based cues”, Business Horizons, vol. 49, n. 5, pp. 379-385.

LE T.H., ARCODIA C. (2018), “Risk perceptions on cruise ships among young people: Concepts, approaches and directions”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 69, pp. 102-112.

LEE C.H., CRANAGE D.A. (2011), “Personalisation-privacy paradox: The effects of personalisation and privacy assurance on customer responses to travel Web sites”, Tourism Management, vol. 32, n. 5, pp. 987-994.

LEÓN-BRAVO V., CANIATO F., CARIDI M. (2019), “Sustainability in multiple stages of the food supply chain in Italy: practices, performance and reputation”, Operations Management Research, vol. 12, n. 1, pp-40-61.

LEPPÄNIEMI M., KARJALUOTO H., SAARIJÄRVI H. (2017), “Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: the role of willingness to share information”, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, vol. 27, n. 2, pp. 164-188.

LI H., MENG S., TONG H. (2021), “How to control cruise ship disease risk? Inspiration from the research literature”, Marine Policy, vol. 132, pp. 104652.

LIN Y.C. (2013), “Evaluation of co‐branded hotels in the Taiwanese market: the role of brand familiarity and brand fit”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 25, n. 3, pp. 346-364.

LIU B., PENNINGTON-GRAY L., KRIEGER J. (2016), “Tourism crisis management: Can the Extended Parallel Process Model be used to understand crisis responses in the cruise industry?”, Tourism Management, vol. 55, pp. 310-321.

LIU B.F., PENNINGTON-GRAY L. (2017), “Managing health-related crises in the cruise industry”, in Dowling R.K., Weeden C. (Eds.), Cruise Ship Tourism, 2nd Edition, CABI, Wallingford, UK.

LIU-LASTRES B., SCHROEDER A., PENNINGTON-GRAY L. (2019), “Cruise line customers’ responses to risk and crisis communication messages: An application of the risk perception attitude framework”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 58, n. 5, pp. 849-865.

LUHMANN N. (1979), Trust and Power, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

MALLAPATY S. (2020), “What the cruise-ship outbreaks reveal about COVID-19”, Nature, vol. 580, n. 7801, pp. 18-18.

MARCUS A.A., GOODMAN R.S. (1991), “Victims and shareholders: The dilemmas of presenting corporate policy during a crisis”, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 34, n. 2, pp. 281-305.

MARKOS E., MILNE G.R., PELTIER J.W. (2017), “Information sensitivity and willingness to provide continua: a comparative privacy study of the United States and Brazil”, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, vol. 36, n. 1, pp. 79-96.

MARTIN K. (2018), “The penalty for privacy violations: How privacy violations impact trust online”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 82, pp. 103-116.

MCCOLE P., RAMSEY E., WILLIAMS J. (2010), “Trust considerations on attitudes towards online purchasing: The moderating effect of privacy and security concerns”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 63, n. 9-10, pp. 1018-1024.

MILESKI J.P., WANG G., BEACHAM IV L.L. (2014), “Understanding the causes of recent cruise ship mishaps and disasters”, Research in Transportation Business and Management, vol. 13, pp. 65-70.

MILMAN A., PIZAM A. (1995), “The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: The central Florida case”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 33, n. 3, pp. 21-27.

MISHRA A.K. (1996), “Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust”, in Kramer R.M., Tyler T.R. (eds), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. pp. 261-87.

MIZRACHI I., FUCHS, G. (2016), “Should we cancel? An examination of risk handling in travel social media before visiting ebola-free destinations”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 28, pp. 59-65.

NEPOMUCENO M.V., LAROCHE M., RICHARD M.O. (2014), “How to reduce perceived risk when buying online: The interactions between intangibility, product knowledge, brand familiarity, privacy and security concerns”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 21, n. 4, pp. 619-629.

NOVELLI M., BURGESS L.G., JONES A., RITCHIE B.W. (2018), “No Ebola… still doomed-The Ebola-induced tourism crisis”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 70, pp. 76-87.

NUNNALLY J.C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.

PALLANT J.I., PALLANT J.L., SANDS S.J., FERRARO C.R., AFIFI E. (2022), “When and how consumers are willing to exchange data with retailers: An exploratory segmentation”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 64, pp. 102774.

PARK J.Y., BACK R.M., BUFQUIN D., SHAPOVAL V. (2019), “Servicescape, positive affect, satisfaction and behavioral intentions: The moderating role of familiarity”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 78, pp. 102-111.

PARK J., LEE H., KIM C. (2014), “Corporate social responsibilities, consumer trust and corporate reputation: South Korean consumers' perspectives”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 67, n. 3, pp. 295-302.

PAVLOU P.A., GEFEN D. (2004), “Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust”, Information systems research, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 37-59.

PENCO L., PROFUMO G., REMONDINO M., BRUZZI C. (2019), “Critical events in the tourism industry: Factors affecting the future intention to take a cruise”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 31, n. 9, pp. 3547-3566.

PETRICK J.F., LI X., PARK S.Y. (2007), “Cruise passengers’ decision-making processes”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 23, n. 1, pp. 1-14.

PETRICK J.F. (2011), “Segmenting cruise passengers with perceived reputation”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 18, n. 1, pp. 48-53.

PETRICK J.F., SIRAKAYA E. (2004), “Segmenting cruisers by loyalty”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 31, n. 2, pp. 472-475.

PHELPS J.E., D'SOUZA G., NOWAK G.J. (2001), “Antecedents and consequences of consumer privacy concerns: An empirical investigation”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol. 15, n. 4, pp. 2-17.

PLANGGER K., MONTECCHI M. (2020), “Thinking beyond privacy calculus: Investigating reactions to customer surveillance”, Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol. 50, n. 1, pp. 32-44.

PREMAZZI K., CASTALDO S., GROSSO M., RAMAN P., BRUDVIG S., HOFACKER C.F. (2010), “Customer information sharing with e-vendors: The roles of incentives and trust”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 14, n. 3, pp. 63-91.

RADIC A., LUCK M., AL-ANSI A., CHUA B.L., SEELER S., HAN H. (2021), “Cruise ship dining experiencescape: The perspective of female cruise travelers in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 95, pp. 102923.

ROTH-COHEN O., LAHAV T. (2021), “Cruising to nowhere: Covid-19 crisis discourse in cruise tourism Facebook groups”, Current Issues in Tourism, in press, pp. 1-17.

RYSCHKA A.M., DOMKE-DAMONTE D.J., KEELS J.K., NAGEL R. (2016), “The effect of social media on reputation during a crisis event in the cruise line industry”, International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, vol. 17, n. 2, pp. 198-221.

SANCHEZ G., TRINCHERA L., RUSSOLILLO G. (2017), “Plspm: tools for partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM)”, In R package version 0.4.9.

SEO S., KIM O.Y., OH S., YUN N. (2013), “Influence of informational and experiential familiarity on image of local foods”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 34, pp. 295-308.

SINGH J., SIRDESHMUKH D. (2000), “Agency and trust mechanisms in consumer satisfaction and loyalty judgments”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 28, n. 1, pp. 150-167.

SIOMKOS G.J. (1999), “On achieving exoneration after a product safety industrial crisis”, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 14, n. 1, pp. 17-29.

SIOMKOS G.J., KURZBARD G. (1994), “The hidden crisis in product‐harm crisis management”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 28, n. 2, pp. 30-41.

SÖDERLUND M. (2002), “Customer familiarity and its effects on satisfaction and behavioral intentions”, Psychology and Marketing, vol. 19, n. 10, pp. 861-879.

SOUIDEN N., PONS F. (2009), “Product recall crisis management: the impact on manufacturer's image, consumer loyalty and purchase intention”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, vol. 18, n. 2, pp. 106-114.

SOULARD J., PETRICK J.F. (2016), “Messages in the bottle: Customers’ reactions to expertise, blame, and compensation after a severe cruising crisis”, Tourism in Marine Environments, vol. 11, n. 2-3, pp. 192-200

SUTANTO J., PALME E., TAN C.H., PHANG C.W. (2013), “Addressing the personalization-privacy paradox: An empirical assessment from a field experiment on smartphone users”, MIS Quarterly, vol. 37, n. 4, pp. 1141-1164.

TARLOW P., KORSTANJE M.E., AMORIN E., GANDARA J.M.G. (2012), “Cruise risks, threats and dangers: A theory”, American Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 16-25.

TARLOW P., KORSTANJE M.E., AMORIN E., GANDARA J.M.G. (2012), “Cruise risks, threats and dangers: A theory”, American Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 16-25.

VALENCIA J., CROUCH G.I. (2008), “Travel behavior in troubled times: The role of consumer self‐confidence”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 25, n. 1, pp. 25-42.

VERMA V., SHARMA D., SHETH J. (2016), “Does relationship marketing matter in online retailing? A meta-analytic approach”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 44, n. 2, pp. 206-217.

WALSH G., BEATTY S.E., SHIU E.M. (2009), “The customer-based corporate reputation scale: Replication and short form”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 62, n. 10, pp. 924-930.

WU H.C., CHENG C.C., AI C.H. (2018), “A study of experiential quality, experiential value, trust, corporate reputation, experiential satisfaction and behavioral intentions for cruise tourists: The case of Hong Kong” Tourism Management, vol. 66, pp. 200-220.

YANG T.M., MAXWELL T.A. (2011), “Information-sharing in public organizations: A literature review of interpersonal, intra-organizational and inter-organizational success factors”, Government Information Quarterly, vol. 28, n. 2, pp. 164-175.

ZAHEER N., TRKMAN P. (2017), “An information sharing theory perspective on willingness to share information in supply chains”, The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 28, n. 2, pp. 417-443.

ZHU M., WU C., HUANG S., ZHENG K., YOUNG S.D., YAN X., YUAN Q. (2021), “Privacy paradox in mHealth applications: An integrated elaboration likelihood model incorporating privacy calculus and privacy fatigue”, Telematics and Informatics, vol. 61, pp. 101601.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-30