Il perimetro di industrie culturali, creative e turismo: specializzazioni e implicazioni di policy in Italia (The territorial mapping of cultural and creative industries and tourism: specializations and policy implications in Italy)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s104.2017.06Keywords:
cultural and creative industries, tourism, cultural output and creative input-based criteria, Local Labour Systems, specialization indexes, territorial mapping, policyAbstract
Purpose of the paper: This contribution provides a country specific and yet wide-ranging classification of the Italian culture and creative industries (including tourism), and measures the extent to which Italian local systems have specialized in these industries. The aim is to support effective decision making in domains which have a strategic role in sustainable place development and innovation.
Methodology: A combination of approaches, based on cultural output and creative input, is used to identify the culture and creative, and tourism, industries. The specialization in the above industries at the inter-municipal level is calculated by extending, and adaptating, well-established quantitative methodologies used in studies on industrial districts.
Results: The study provides a picture of the economy of culture and tourism in Italian macro-regions and regions in terms of companies and workers. In addition, it measures and maps the specialization of local systems in cultural heritage, material culture, media and new media, tourism throughout the national territory. Local systems have diversified in these industries, but material culture and tourism predominate, both in terms of the number of specialized systems and levels of specialization.
Research limitations: Exploratory and quantitative analysis. The data source focuses on industry and private services. Public and no-profit sectors are excluded.
Practical implications: To foster sustainable place development and innovation, policy making should go beyond narrow tourism policies and the tourist marketing of cultural heritage and develop interactions and synergies between sectors and sector-specific policies.
Originality of the paper: Interdisciplinary approach to the definition of the culture and creative industries and tourism; the specialization in these industries is calculated at a local level of analysis.
References
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BAGWELL S. (2009), “Creative cluster and city growth”, Creative Industries Journal, vol. 1, n. 1, pp. 31-46.
BAUMOL W.J., BOWEN W.G. (1968), Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
BETTIOL M., DI MARIA E., FINOTTO V. (2012), “Marketing in SMEs: the role of entrepreneurial sensemaking”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol. 8, n. 2, pp. 223-243.
BOIX R., CAPONE F. (2004), Sources of Competiveness in Tourist Local Systems, Universitat Autonoma de Barcellona, Barcellona.
BODO C., SPADA C. (2004) (eds.), Rapporto sull’economia della Cultura in Italia 1990- 2000, Il Mulino, Bologna.
CATTANEO E., GUERINI C., USLENGHI A. (2006), Effetto country. Origini e mercati internazionali. Conta davvero l’origine geografica nella promozione internazionale dell'offerta italiana?, EGEA, Milano.
CSES (2010), Study on the Contribution of Culture to Local and Regional Development - Evidence from the Structural Funds, European Commission, Brussels.
DCMS (1998), Creative industries mapping document, Creative Task Force, London. http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/publications/4740.aspx.
DCMS (2001), Creative industries mapping document, Creative Industries Task Force, London.
DELLA LUCIA M. (2013), Cultura e sviluppo locale nell’economia della conoscenza. Politiche e strumenti di sviluppo urbano, Cedam, Padova.
DELLA LUCIA M. (2014), “La multidimensionalità dello sviluppo locale culture-led. Laboratori territoriali di sperimentazione”, Mercati e Competitività, n. 4, pp. 85-107.
DELLA LUCIA M. (2015), “Natura e pervasività dei percorsi di culture-led regeneration in Italia. Implicazioni di place marketing”, XII convegno annuale della SIM, Il marketing a servizio delle città. Beni culturali e rivitalizzazione urbana, Dipartimento di Management, Torino, 22-23 Ottobre, 2015.
DELLA LUCIA M., FRANCH M., MARTINI U. (2007), “L’identificazione dei sistemi turistici locali mediante il modello del distretto industriale. Il caso delle Dolomiti e del lago di Garda”, in Sciarelli S. (ed.), Il management dei sistemi turistici locali. Strategie e strumenti per la governance, Giappichelli, Torino, pp. 193-219.
ESSNET-CULTURE (2012), European Statistical System Network on Culture. Final Report, ESSnet-Culture and Eurostat, Luxembourg.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2010), European Competitiveness Report 2010, Directorate General Enterprise and Industry, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2010), Green Paper on Unlocking the potential of cultural and creative industries, European Commission, Brussels.
EUROSTAT (2000), Cultural Statistics in the UE- Final report of the LEG, Eurostat Working paper n°3/2000/E/N°1.
FLORIDA R. (2002), The Rise of the Creative Class, Basic Books, New York.
FLORIDA R. (2005), The Flight of the Creative Class: The new global competition for talent, Harper Collins, London.
FRANCH M. (2010), “Le frontiere manageriali per la valorizzazione della cultura e dell’arte”, Sinergie, n. 82, pp. 95-107.
GORDON J.C., BEILBY-ORRIN H., International Measurement of the Economic and Social Importance of Culture, Statistics Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
ISTITUTO GUGLIELMO TAGLIACARNE (2009), Il sistema economico integrato dei beni culturali, Mibac e Unioncamere, Roma.
KEA (2006), The economy of Culture in Europe, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, Brussels.
KEA (2012), Measuring economic impact of CCIs policies. How to justify investment in cultural and creative assets, European Commission, Brussels.
LAZZERETTI L., BOIX B., CAPONE F. (2008), “Do Creative Industries Cluster? Mapping Creative Local Production Systems in Italy and Spain”, Industry and Innovation, vol. 5, n. 5, pp. 549-567.
NESTA (2009), Soft Innovation: Towards a more complete picture of innovative change. National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts, UK.
OECD (2005), Culture and Local Development, OECD, Paris.
ORLANDI A., SANTAGATI N. (2014), “Le industrie culturali e creative: una mappatura quantitativa”, in AA. VV., Rapporto Economico e Sociale 2014: L'Umbria nella lunga crisi, Agenzia Umbria Ricerche, Perugia.
PAIOLA M., DI MARIA E. (2009), “From Hi-Tech to Hi-Sense innovation: new experiences in value creation through meanings and relations”, in Andreani J.C., Collesei U. (eds.), Atti dell’VIII Congresso Internazionale Marketing Trends, ESCP EAP, Parigi, 16-17 Gennaio 2009.
PAIOLA M., SEBASTIANI R. (2009), Soft Innovation. La risposta delle imprese alle sfide della crisi, Milano, Franco Angeli.
PAPADOPOULOS N.G. (2002), Does “country-of-origin” matter? Some findings from a cross-cultural study of consumer views about foreign products, Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge.
PINE B.J., GILMORE J.H. (1999), The Experience Economy, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
POWER D., NIELSÉN T. (2010), Priority Sector Report: Creative and Cultural Industries, Europe Innova Initiative, European Commission, Brussels.
RICHARDS G. (2014), “Creativity and tourism in the city”, Current Issue in Tourism, vol. 17, n. 2, pp. 119-144.
RIFKIN G. (2011), The Third Industrial Revolution. How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World, Palgrave MacMillan, New York.
SACCO P.L. (2010), “Cultura e sviluppo locale: il distretto culturale evoluto”, Sinergie, n. 82, pp. 115-119.
SACCO P.L. (2011), Culture 3.0: A new perspective for the EU 2014-2020 structural funds programming, European Expert Network on Culture Brussels.
SACCO P.L. (2012), Culture and the Structural Funds in Italy, Expert Network on Culture, Brussels.
SACCO P.L., SEGRE G. (2009), “Creativity, cultural investment and local development: a new theoretical framework for endogenous growth”, in Fratesi U., Senn L. (eds.), Growth and Innovation of Competitive Regions. The Role of Internal and External Connections, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 281-294.
SANTAGATA W. (Ed.) (2009), Libro bianco sulla creatività. Per un modello italiano di sviluppo, Bocconi University Editor, Milano.
SCOTT A.J. (2000), The Cultural Economy of Cities, Sage Publications, London.
SFORZI F., LORENZINI F. (2002), “I distretti industriali”, in Ministero delle attività produttive e IPI-Istituto per la promozione industriale, L'esperienza Italiana dei Distretti industriali, IPI-Istituto per la Promozione Industriale, Roma, pp. 20-33.
SMART SPECIALIZATION PLATFORM (2012), Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3), European Commission, Brussels.
SYMBOLA - UNIONCAMERE (2011), Io sono cultura. L’Italia della qualità e della bellezza sfida la crisi, Symbola Fondazione per le qualità italiane, Roma.
SYMBOLA - UNIONCAMERE (2013), Io sono cultura. L’Italia della qualità e della bellezza sfida la crisi, Symbola Fondazione per le qualità italiane, Roma.
SYMBOLA - UNIONCAMERE (2016), Io sono cultura. L’Italia della qualità e della bellezza sfida la crisi, Symbola Fondazione per le qualità italiane, Roma.
TAMMA M. (2010), “Prodotti culturali e territori: l’immateriale che “vive” nella materialità”, Sinergie, n. 82, pp. 27-46.
THROSBY D. (2001), Economics and Culture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
THROSBY D. (2008), “The concentric circles model of the cultural industries”, Cultural Trends, vol. 17, n. 3, pp. 147-164.
UNESCO (1986), Framework for cultural statistics, UNESCO, Paris.
UNESCO (2009), Framework for Cultural Statistics, UNESCO, Paris.
UNCTAD (2008), Creative economy report: The challenge of assessing the creative economy towards informed policymaking, United Nations.
VALENTINO P.A. (2014), L’arte di produrre Arte. Imprese italiane del design a lavoro, Marsilio Editori, Venezia.
VICARI S., CILLO P., VERONA G. (2005), “Capacità creativa e innovazione”, Sinergie, n. 67, pp. 123-147.
WIPO (2003), Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright Industries, WIPO, Geneva.
WYSZOMIRSKY M. (2004), “Defining and developing creative sector initiatives”, Proceedings of the Workshop Creative Industries: A Measure for Urban Development?, Vienna, Austria, 20 March, pp. 25-57.
ZUBOFF S., MAXMIN J. (2002), The Support Economy - Why Corporations are Failing Individuals and the Next Episode of Capitalism, Penguin, New York.
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2017-12-28
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