Beyond Profit: The Role of Colombian Business Leaders in Transforming Business and Building Sustainable Peace
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s126.2025.10Keywords:
Business for Peace, Humanistic Management, Leadership, Post-Conflict, Peace, ColombiaAbstract
Frame of the research: Humanistic Management (HM) principles can revolutionize leadership in conflict zones through the private sector’s engagement in peacebuilding. By prioritizing stakeholder dignity and societal benefits, it aligns with Business for Peace (B4P) initiatives, aiming to deepen the understanding of socially responsible leadership and its impact on global peace efforts.
Purpose of the paper: To explore the role of business leaders in fostering sustainable peace in post-conflict Colombia, aiming to contribute new perspectives to the HM and the B4P dialogues. By analyzing the management practices of business leaders from purpose-driven organizations operating within Colombia, this research provides a deeper understanding of how business leadership through humanistic management can actively participate in the country’s peacebuilding efforts.
Methodology: This study uses a qualitative research design based on semi-structured expert interviews with Colombian business leaders to explore the nuances of B4P practices in post-conflict Colombia. Reflecting an exploratory approach, this method facilitated an in-depth understanding of HM and leadership roles in peacebuilding, aligning with the research's aim to contribute novel insights into the B4P discourse.
Results: The study reveals Colombian businesses’ significant roles in peacebuilding by creating jobs, fostering community ties, and practicing ethical leadership. It emphasizes the transformative impact of aligning business operations with peacebuilding efforts through strategic and ethical decision-making.
Research limitations: Given the study’s reliance on qualitative interviews and a focused sample of Colombian business leaders, the findings offer deep, contextualized insights but lack generalizability. This limitation underscores the need for further empirical research across different contexts to broaden understanding of the B4P phenomenon.
Practical implications: This research illuminates the strategic value of humanistic practices and community engagement in peacebuilding for businesses and policymakers in conflict zones. It presents Colombian businesses as models for harnessing commerce for economic growth and social healing, providing a pragmatic blueprint for integrating business operations with peace efforts.
The originality of the study: This research contributes uniquely to the emerging field of Business for Peace by examining the intersection of Humanistic Management and peacebuilding in the context of post-conflict Colombia. It offers new perspectives on the role of business leaders in promoting peace, addressing a gap in the literature, and providing a foundation for future studies in this area.
References
Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315-338.
Boni, L., Chiodo, V., Gerli, F., & Toschi, L. (2023). Do prosocial‐certified companies walk the talk? An analysis of B Corps’ contributions to Sustainable Development Goals. Business Strategy and the Environment.
Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semi structured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2).
Dion, M., Freeman, R. E., & Dmytriyev, S. (eds.). Humanizing Business: What Humanities Can Say to Business. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Fleming, P., & Spicer, A. (2003). Working at a cynical distance: Implications for power, subjectivity and resistance. Organization, 10(1), 157-179.
Forrer, J. J., Fort, T. L., & Gilpin, R. (2012). How business can foster peace. US Institute of Peace.
Fort, T. L., & Schipani, C. A. (2002). The role of the corporation in fostering sustainable peace. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 35, 389.
Fort, T. L., & Schipani, C. A. (2004). The role of business in fostering peaceful societies. Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Freeman, R. E., Martin, K., & Parmar, B. (2007). Stakeholder capitalism. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 303-314.
García Pinzón, V. (2020). Colombia: Between the Dividends of Peace and the Shadow of Violence. German Institute of Global and Area Studies-GIGA Focus Latin America 1862-3573.
Ghoshal, S. (2005). Bad management theories are destroying good management practices. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(1), 75-91.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.
Henriques, I. (2020). Navigating wicked problems: do businesses have a role?. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 38(1), 15-20.
Joseph, J., Katsos, J. E., & van Buren III, H. J. (2022). Entrepreneurship and Peacebuilding: A Review and Synthesis. Business & Society, 62(2), 322-362.
Katsos, J. E., & Fort, T. L. (2016). Leadership in the promotion of peace: Interviews with the 2015 Business for Peace honourees. Business Horizons, 59(5), 463–470.
Katsos, J. E., & AlKafaji, Y. (2019). Business in war zones: How companies promote peace in Iraq. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(1), 41–56.
Katsos, J. E. (2020). Business, Human Rights and Peace: Linking the Academic Conversation. Business and Human Rights Journal, 5(2), 221–240.
Katsos, J. E., & Miklian, J. (2021). Crisis Management: A new Crisis Playbook for an Uncertain World. Harvard Business Review.
Katsos, J. E., Miklian, J., & McClelland, P. L. (2021). Building a Culture That Can Withstand a Crisis. Harvard Business Review.
Katsos, J., & Forrer, J. (2022). Business against violence: assessing how business impacts peace. Multinational Business Review.
Killick, N., Srikantha, V. S., & Gündüz, C. (2005). The role of local business in peacebuilding. Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Ledbetter, B. (2016). Business leadership for peace. International Journal of Public Leadership, 12(3), 239-251.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
Mayring, P. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution.
McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. Management Review, 46(11), 22-28.
Michelini, L. (2012). Social innovation and new business models: Creating shared value in low-income markets. Springer Science & Business Media.
Miklian, J. (2016a). How Businesses Can Be Effective Local Peacebuilders–Evidence from Colombia. PRIO Policy Brief, 27.
Miklian, J. (2016b). Mapping business-peace interactions: Five assertions for how businesses create peace. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2891391 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891391
Miklian, J., & Schouten, P. (2019). Broadening ‘business’, widening ‘peace’: a new research agenda on business and peace-building (No. 1). Taylor & Francis. Conflict, Security & Development, 19.
Miklian, J., & Medina Bickel, J. P. (2020). Theorizing business and local peacebuilding through the “Footprints of Peace” coffee project in rural Colombia. Business & Society, 59(4), 676–715.
Miklian, J., Katsos, J. E., Rettberg, B. A., & Oetzel, J. (2021). Business & Society: The Power of Community Partnerships in Times of Crisis. Harvard Business Review.
Misoch, S. (2019). Qualitative Interviews (2., erweiterte und aktualisierte Auflage). De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
Mitnick, B. M., Windsor, D., & Wood, D. J. (2023). Moral CSR. Business & Society, 62(1), 192–220.
Murphy, J. (2020). Management and War. How Organisations Navigate Conflict and Build Peace. Springer Books. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
Murphy, J. (2023). Organizational Leadership and Change in the Context of Conflict. In Organizational Change, Leadership and Ethics (pp. 198-214). Routledge.
Oetzel, J., Westermann-Behaylo, M., Koerber, C., Fort, T. L., & Rivera, J. (2009). Business and peace: Sketching the terrain. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 351–373.
Oetzel, J., & Miklian, J. (2017). Multinational enterprises, risk management, and the business and economics of peace. Multinational Business Review.
Parente, R., El Tarabishy, A., Botti, A., Vesci, M., & Feola, R. (2021). Humane entrepreneurship: Some steps in the development of a measurement scale. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(3), 509-533.
Pastore, A., & Ugolini, M. (2020). Sustainability Transformation: the challenge is now!. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 38(1), 11-12.
Pirson, M. A., & Lawrence, P. R. (2010). Humanism in business–towards a paradigm shift?. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 553-565.
Pirson, M. (2019). A humanistic perspective for management theory: Protecting dignity and promoting well-being. Journal of Business Ethics, 159, 39-57.
Pirson, M. (2023). Dignity, Humanistic Management and the Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Management for Global Sustainability, 11(1), 2.
Rettberg, A. (2016). Need, creed, and greed: Understanding why business leaders focus on issues of peace. Business Horizons 59(5), 481-492.
Rettberg, A. (2020). Peace-making amidst an unfinished social contract: the case of Colombia. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 14(1), 84–100.
Roy, M., & Sarkar, A. (2024). Craft approach to work: a humanist model of work in organizations. Management Review Quarterly, 1-37.
Samatar, E. H., & Kising'u, T. M. (2018). Influence of Transformational Leadership on Peace Building in Somalia, The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 5(1), 799-826.
Spicer, A., & Alvesson, M. (2011). Critical performativity: The unfinished business of critical management studies. Human Relations, 64(4), 537-560.
Thoene, U., & Turriago-Hoyos, A. (2019). Trust, business, and society in a post-conflict scenario: the case of managing workplace practices in Colombia. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 23(2), 232–249.
UN (2018, April 24). Remarks to the General Assembly high-level meeting on peacebuilding and sustaining peace. https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2018-04-24/ peacebuilding-and-sustaining-peace-remarks-general-assembly.
Zawadzki, M. (2018). Dignity in the workplace. The perspective of humanistic management. Central European Management Journal, 26(1), 171-188.