Agilità nella logistica delle emergenze. Le imprese apprendono dalle organizzazioni umanitarie (Agility in the logistics of emergencies. Businesses learn from humanitarian organizations)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s95.2014.07Keywords:
supply chain management, emergency management, agility, collaboration, cross-learning, logistics service providerAbstract
Purpose of the paper: This paper investigates which opportunities the companies may have to learn the agility of the supply chain from humanitarian emergency management, in order to increase their competitiveness.
Methodology: To investigate the research question a literature review and an empirical exploratory investigation were conducted through qualitative methodology based on case studies. In particular, in the empirical part it has deepened the initiative of the “Logistics Emergency Teams”, the first and only case at the international level of a partnership between a group of logistics companies and humanitarian sector in organizing logistics operations for emergency response.
Findings: The literature and the operational reality analysed reveal that businesses can really take the opportunity to learn agility from humanitarian best practices. This is done by cooperating in disaster response operations, in the restore phase, and by sharing concretely - at operational and strategic levels - objectives, principles and guidelines of agility implemented in the humanitarian supply chain.
Research limitations: This exploratory study, despite having provided original ideas on the subject, needs to be deepened in the empirical part, with additional interviews to the representatives of the logistics service providers.
Research and managerial implications: The experience that companies make when working with the humanitarian sector not only contributes to the success of relief operations, but it also enhances the competitiveness of individual firms, if they are able to adopt and transfer the learned skills in their business supply chains.
Originality/value of paper: The present study is one of the first attempt in academic and professional literature to investigate what companies can learn from the humanitarian sector, while in the past the emphasis was especially on the reverse process of learning.
References
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AUSTIN J.E. (2000a), “Strategic collaboration between nonprofit and businesses”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, vol. 29 n. 1, pp. 69-97.
AUSTIN J.E. (2000b), The collaboration challenge, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
BINDER A., WITTE J.M. (2007), Business Engagement in Humanitarian Relief: Key trends and policy implications, Global Public Policy Institute (GPPi).
BLANSJAAR M., VAN DER MERWE C. (2011), “The importance of information technology in humanitarian supply chains: opportunities and challenges in the Helios project”, in Christopher M., Tatham P., Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 47-63.
BOWERSOX D.J., CLOSS D.J. (1996), Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply chain Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.
CHARLES A., LAURAS M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2010), “A model to define and assess the agility of supply chains: building on humanitarian experience”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 40 n. 8/9, pp. 722-741.
CHILDERHOUSE P., TOWILL D. (2000), “Engineering supply chains to match customer requirements”, Logistics Information Management, vol. 13 n. 6, pp. 337-345.
CHRISTOPHER M. (2005), Logistics and Supply chain Management. Creating Value Adding Networks, Prentice Hall, London.
CHRISTOPHER M. (2000), “The Agile Supply Chain: Competing in Volatile Markets”, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 37-44.
CHRISTOPHER M. (1992), Logistics & Supply chain Management, Pitmans Publishing, London.
CHRISTOPHER M., TOWILL D.R (2000), “Supply chain Migration from Lean and Functional to Agile and Customised”, Supply chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 5, n. 4, pp. 206-213.
CHRISTOPHER M., TATHAM P. (2011), Introduction, in Christopher M. e Tatham P. (Eds.), Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 1-14.
CONFORTI A., COZZOLINO A., ROSSI S. (2008), “Il supply chain management delle emergenze umanitarie. Il caso del World Food Programme”, Finanza Marketing e Produzione, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 25-48.
COZZOLINO A. (2013), “L’agilità nella logistica delle emergenze. Come le imprese apprendono la gestione dell’imprevedibile dalle organizzazioni umanitarie nelle operazioni di primo soccorso”, Convegno Aidea, Lecce, “Il ruolo dell’azienda nell’economia. Esiste un modello aziendale orientato alla crescita?”, 19-21 settembre 2013.
COZZOLINO A. (2012), Humanitarian logistics. Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Relief Management, SpringerBriefs in Business Series, Springer.
COZZOLINO A. (2009), Operatori logistici. Contesto evolutivo, assetti competitivi e criticità emergenti nella supply chain, Cedam, Padova.
COZZOLINO A., ROSSI S., CONFORTI A. (2012), “Agile and Lean Principles in the Humanitarian Supply Chain. The Case of the United Nations World Food Programme”, Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply chain Management, vol. 2, n. 1, pp. 16-33.
GATTORNA J. (2006), Living Supply Chains: How to Mobilize the Enterprise Around DeliveringWhat Your Customers Want, Financial Times Prentice Hall, London.
HARRISON A., CHRISTOPHER M., VAN HOEK R. (1999), Creating the Agile Supply Chain, Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport.
HARTLEY J. (2004), “Case study research” in Cassell C.M., Symon G. (eds), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research, Sage, London, pp. 323-333.
HOFMAN D., CECERE L. (2005), “The agile supply chain”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 9 n. 8, pp. 18-9.
KANTER R.M. (1999), “From spare change to real change. The social sector as beta site for business innovation”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 77, n. 3, pp. 122-132.
KOVÁCS G. (2011), “So where next? Developments in humanitarian logistics”, in Christopher M., Tatham P., Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 249-263.
KOVÁCS G., SPENS K.M. (2009), “Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 39, n. 6, pp. 506-528.
LAPIDE L. (2006), “The essence of excellence”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 10 n. 3, pp. 18-25.
LEE H.L. (2004), “The Triple-A Supply Chain”, Harvard Business Review, October, pp. 102-112.
MAON F., LINDGREEN A., VANHAMME J. (2009),”Developing supply chains in disaster relief operations through cross-sector socially oriented collaborations: a theoretical model”, Supply chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 14 n. 2, pp. 149-164.
MASON-JONES R., NAYLOR B., TOWILL D.R. (2000), “Lean, agile or leagile? Matching your supply chain to the marketplace”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 38, n. 17, pp. 4061-4070.
MASSARONI E. (2007), Il sistema logistico. Progettazione, governo e gestione della logistica e della supply chain, Cedam, Padova.
MASSARONI E., COZZOLINO A. (2012), Modelli della produzione industriale, Cedam, Padova.
MCCRACKEN G. (1998), The long interview, Beverly Hills, Sage, CA.
NARASIMHAN R., SWINK M., KIM S.W. (2006), “Disentangling leanness and agility: an empirical investigation”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 24, n. 5, pp. 440-457.
NAYLOR J.B., NAIM M.M., BERRY D. (1999), “Leagility: Interfacing the Lean and Agile Manufacturing Paradigm in the Total Supply Chain”, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 62, n. 1-2, pp. 107-118.
NONAKA I. (1994), “A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation”, Organization Science, vol. 5, n. 1, pp. 14-37.
OGLESBY R., BURKE J. (2012), Platforms for private sector-humanitarian collaboration, King's College London, London.
OLORUNTOBA R., GRAY R. (2006), “Humanitarian aid: an agile supply chain?”, Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, vol. 11, n. 2, pp. 115-120.
PECK H. (2005), “Finding better way to deal with disasters”, Logistics and Transport Focus, vol. 7, n. 10, pp. 19-21.
PETTIT S.J., BERESFORD A.K.C. (2009), “Critical success factors in the context of humanitarian aid supply chains”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 39, n. 6, pp. 450-468.
PORTER M.E., KRAMER M.R. (2002), “The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 80, n. 12, pp. 56-68.
QUINN E. (2010), “Logistics for food assistance: delivering innovations in complex environments”, in Omamo S.W., Gentilini U., Sandström S. (Eds.), Revolution: from food aid to food assistance. Innovations in overcoming hunger, World Food Programme, pp. 307-328 (http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/newsroom/wfp225973.pdf).
SAMII R., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2004), Moving the World: TNT-WFP partnership -learning to dance, INSEAD, Case study n. 2004-5194.
SAMII R. (2008), Leveraging logistics partnerships. Lessons from humanitarian organizations, Doctorate Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, December.
SCHOLTEN K., SCOTT P.S., FYNES B. (2010), “(Le) agility in humanitarian aid (NGO) supply chains”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 40, n. 8/9, pp. 623-635.
SHEFFI Y. (2005), The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
SPRING S. (2006), “Relief when you need it. Can FedEx, DHL and TNT bring the delivery of emergency aid into the 21st century?”, Newsweek - International Edition, 11 Sept. 2006 (http://www.fritzinstitute.org/PDFs/InTheNews/2006/newsweek-I-091106.pdf).
STADTLER L., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2012), “The Logistics Emergency Teams - Pioneering a new partnership model”, Case Study, INSEAD, European Case Clearing House, ECCH (Ref. No. 712-033-1), pp. 1-20.
STAPLETON O., STADTLER L., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2012), “Private-humanitarian supply chain partnership s on the silk road”, in Haksöz C., Seshadri S., Iyer A.V., Managing supply chains on the silk road. Strategy, performance, and risk, CRC Press, pp. 217-238.
STRAUSS S. (1987), Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists, Cambridge University Press, New York.
TAYLOR D., PETTIT S. (2009), “A consideration of the relevance of lean supply chain concepts for humanitarian aid provision”, International Journal of Services Technology and Management, vol. 12 n. 4, pp. 430-444.
THOMAS A., FRITZ L. (2006), “Disaster relief, Inc.”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 84, n. 11, pp. 114-26.
TOMASINI R.M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2009b), Humanitarian Logistics Macmillan, Palgrave.
TOMASINI R.M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2009a), “From preparedness to partnership s: case study research on humanitarian logistics”, International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 16, n. 5, pp. 549-559.
TOWILL D., CHRISTOPHER M., (2002) “The supply chain strategy conundrum: to be lean or agile or to be lean and agile?”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, vol. 5, n. 3, pp. 299-309.
VAN HOEK R.I., HARRISON A., CHRISTOPHER M. (2001), “Measuring agile capabilities in the supply chain”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 21 n. 1/2, pp. 126-148.
VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2006), “Blackett Memorial Lecture. Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear”, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 57, n. 5, pp. 475-489.
VAN WASSENHOVE L.N., STAPLETON O., TOMASINI R.M. (2008), Corporate Responses to Humanitarian Disasters: The Mutual Benefits of Private-Humanitarian Cooperation, The Conference Board, Research Report (R-1415-08-WG).
WYMER W.W., SAMU S. (2003), “Dimensions of business and non-profit collaborative relationships”, in (Edited by) Wymer W.W., Samu S., Nonprofit and business sector collaboration. Social enterprises, cause-related marketing, sponsorships, and other corporate-nonprofit dealings, Best Business Books, The Haworth Press, Binghamton, pp. 3-22.
YANG B., BURNS N.D., BACKHOUSE C.J. (2004), “Management of uncertainties through postponement”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 42, n. 6, pp. 1049-1064.
YIN R.K. (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2nd edition, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, IL.
AUSTIN J.E. (2000a), “Strategic collaboration between nonprofit and businesses”, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, vol. 29 n. 1, pp. 69-97.
AUSTIN J.E. (2000b), The collaboration challenge, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
BINDER A., WITTE J.M. (2007), Business Engagement in Humanitarian Relief: Key trends and policy implications, Global Public Policy Institute (GPPi).
BLANSJAAR M., VAN DER MERWE C. (2011), “The importance of information technology in humanitarian supply chains: opportunities and challenges in the Helios project”, in Christopher M., Tatham P., Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 47-63.
BOWERSOX D.J., CLOSS D.J. (1996), Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply chain Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.
CHARLES A., LAURAS M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2010), “A model to define and assess the agility of supply chains: building on humanitarian experience”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 40 n. 8/9, pp. 722-741.
CHILDERHOUSE P., TOWILL D. (2000), “Engineering supply chains to match customer requirements”, Logistics Information Management, vol. 13 n. 6, pp. 337-345.
CHRISTOPHER M. (2005), Logistics and Supply chain Management. Creating Value Adding Networks, Prentice Hall, London.
CHRISTOPHER M. (2000), “The Agile Supply Chain: Competing in Volatile Markets”, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 37-44.
CHRISTOPHER M. (1992), Logistics & Supply chain Management, Pitmans Publishing, London.
CHRISTOPHER M., TOWILL D.R (2000), “Supply chain Migration from Lean and Functional to Agile and Customised”, Supply chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 5, n. 4, pp. 206-213.
CHRISTOPHER M., TATHAM P. (2011), Introduction, in Christopher M. e Tatham P. (Eds.), Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 1-14.
CONFORTI A., COZZOLINO A., ROSSI S. (2008), “Il supply chain management delle emergenze umanitarie. Il caso del World Food Programme”, Finanza Marketing e Produzione, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 25-48.
COZZOLINO A. (2013), “L’agilità nella logistica delle emergenze. Come le imprese apprendono la gestione dell’imprevedibile dalle organizzazioni umanitarie nelle operazioni di primo soccorso”, Convegno Aidea, Lecce, “Il ruolo dell’azienda nell’economia. Esiste un modello aziendale orientato alla crescita?”, 19-21 settembre 2013.
COZZOLINO A. (2012), Humanitarian logistics. Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Relief Management, SpringerBriefs in Business Series, Springer.
COZZOLINO A. (2009), Operatori logistici. Contesto evolutivo, assetti competitivi e criticità emergenti nella supply chain, Cedam, Padova.
COZZOLINO A., ROSSI S., CONFORTI A. (2012), “Agile and Lean Principles in the Humanitarian Supply Chain. The Case of the United Nations World Food Programme”, Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply chain Management, vol. 2, n. 1, pp. 16-33.
GATTORNA J. (2006), Living Supply Chains: How to Mobilize the Enterprise Around DeliveringWhat Your Customers Want, Financial Times Prentice Hall, London.
HARRISON A., CHRISTOPHER M., VAN HOEK R. (1999), Creating the Agile Supply Chain, Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport.
HARTLEY J. (2004), “Case study research” in Cassell C.M., Symon G. (eds), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research, Sage, London, pp. 323-333.
HOFMAN D., CECERE L. (2005), “The agile supply chain”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 9 n. 8, pp. 18-9.
KANTER R.M. (1999), “From spare change to real change. The social sector as beta site for business innovation”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 77, n. 3, pp. 122-132.
KOVÁCS G. (2011), “So where next? Developments in humanitarian logistics”, in Christopher M., Tatham P., Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters, Kogan Page, London, pp. 249-263.
KOVÁCS G., SPENS K.M. (2009), “Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 39, n. 6, pp. 506-528.
LAPIDE L. (2006), “The essence of excellence”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 10 n. 3, pp. 18-25.
LEE H.L. (2004), “The Triple-A Supply Chain”, Harvard Business Review, October, pp. 102-112.
MAON F., LINDGREEN A., VANHAMME J. (2009),”Developing supply chains in disaster relief operations through cross-sector socially oriented collaborations: a theoretical model”, Supply chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 14 n. 2, pp. 149-164.
MASON-JONES R., NAYLOR B., TOWILL D.R. (2000), “Lean, agile or leagile? Matching your supply chain to the marketplace”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 38, n. 17, pp. 4061-4070.
MASSARONI E. (2007), Il sistema logistico. Progettazione, governo e gestione della logistica e della supply chain, Cedam, Padova.
MASSARONI E., COZZOLINO A. (2012), Modelli della produzione industriale, Cedam, Padova.
MCCRACKEN G. (1998), The long interview, Beverly Hills, Sage, CA.
NARASIMHAN R., SWINK M., KIM S.W. (2006), “Disentangling leanness and agility: an empirical investigation”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 24, n. 5, pp. 440-457.
NAYLOR J.B., NAIM M.M., BERRY D. (1999), “Leagility: Interfacing the Lean and Agile Manufacturing Paradigm in the Total Supply Chain”, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 62, n. 1-2, pp. 107-118.
NONAKA I. (1994), “A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation”, Organization Science, vol. 5, n. 1, pp. 14-37.
OGLESBY R., BURKE J. (2012), Platforms for private sector-humanitarian collaboration, King's College London, London.
OLORUNTOBA R., GRAY R. (2006), “Humanitarian aid: an agile supply chain?”, Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, vol. 11, n. 2, pp. 115-120.
PECK H. (2005), “Finding better way to deal with disasters”, Logistics and Transport Focus, vol. 7, n. 10, pp. 19-21.
PETTIT S.J., BERESFORD A.K.C. (2009), “Critical success factors in the context of humanitarian aid supply chains”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, vol. 39, n. 6, pp. 450-468.
PORTER M.E., KRAMER M.R. (2002), “The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 80, n. 12, pp. 56-68.
QUINN E. (2010), “Logistics for food assistance: delivering innovations in complex environments”, in Omamo S.W., Gentilini U., Sandström S. (Eds.), Revolution: from food aid to food assistance. Innovations in overcoming hunger, World Food Programme, pp. 307-328 (http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/newsroom/wfp225973.pdf).
SAMII R., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2004), Moving the World: TNT-WFP partnership -learning to dance, INSEAD, Case study n. 2004-5194.
SAMII R. (2008), Leveraging logistics partnerships. Lessons from humanitarian organizations, Doctorate Thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, December.
SCHOLTEN K., SCOTT P.S., FYNES B. (2010), “(Le) agility in humanitarian aid (NGO) supply chains”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 40, n. 8/9, pp. 623-635.
SHEFFI Y. (2005), The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
SPRING S. (2006), “Relief when you need it. Can FedEx, DHL and TNT bring the delivery of emergency aid into the 21st century?”, Newsweek - International Edition, 11 Sept. 2006 (http://www.fritzinstitute.org/PDFs/InTheNews/2006/newsweek-I-091106.pdf).
STADTLER L., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2012), “The Logistics Emergency Teams - Pioneering a new partnership model”, Case Study, INSEAD, European Case Clearing House, ECCH (Ref. No. 712-033-1), pp. 1-20.
STAPLETON O., STADTLER L., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2012), “Private-humanitarian supply chain partnership s on the silk road”, in Haksöz C., Seshadri S., Iyer A.V., Managing supply chains on the silk road. Strategy, performance, and risk, CRC Press, pp. 217-238.
STRAUSS S. (1987), Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists, Cambridge University Press, New York.
TAYLOR D., PETTIT S. (2009), “A consideration of the relevance of lean supply chain concepts for humanitarian aid provision”, International Journal of Services Technology and Management, vol. 12 n. 4, pp. 430-444.
THOMAS A., FRITZ L. (2006), “Disaster relief, Inc.”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 84, n. 11, pp. 114-26.
TOMASINI R.M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2009b), Humanitarian Logistics Macmillan, Palgrave.
TOMASINI R.M., VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2009a), “From preparedness to partnership s: case study research on humanitarian logistics”, International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 16, n. 5, pp. 549-559.
TOWILL D., CHRISTOPHER M., (2002) “The supply chain strategy conundrum: to be lean or agile or to be lean and agile?”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, vol. 5, n. 3, pp. 299-309.
VAN HOEK R.I., HARRISON A., CHRISTOPHER M. (2001), “Measuring agile capabilities in the supply chain”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 21 n. 1/2, pp. 126-148.
VAN WASSENHOVE L.N. (2006), “Blackett Memorial Lecture. Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear”, Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 57, n. 5, pp. 475-489.
VAN WASSENHOVE L.N., STAPLETON O., TOMASINI R.M. (2008), Corporate Responses to Humanitarian Disasters: The Mutual Benefits of Private-Humanitarian Cooperation, The Conference Board, Research Report (R-1415-08-WG).
WYMER W.W., SAMU S. (2003), “Dimensions of business and non-profit collaborative relationships”, in (Edited by) Wymer W.W., Samu S., Nonprofit and business sector collaboration. Social enterprises, cause-related marketing, sponsorships, and other corporate-nonprofit dealings, Best Business Books, The Haworth Press, Binghamton, pp. 3-22.
YANG B., BURNS N.D., BACKHOUSE C.J. (2004), “Management of uncertainties through postponement”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 42, n. 6, pp. 1049-1064.
YIN R.K. (1994), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2nd edition, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, IL.
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2014-12-30
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