L’impiego del EFQM business excellence model nella misura delle performance degli approvvigionamenti. Uno studio quantitativo (The use of the EFQM business excellence model in the measure of supply performances. A quantitative study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s101.2016.11Keywords:
procurement, EFQM Business Excellence Model, performance measurement, self-assessmentAbstract
Purpose of the paper: This paper aims at testing a self-assessment tool based on the EFQM Business Excellence Model, with the purpose of supporting companies in the continuous improvement of their procurement process.
Methodology: We have carried out an exploratory factor analysis and then a path analysis on a sample of 118 companies, selected from a large database gathering the outcomes of a self-assessment process run in the procurement departments of multinational companies.
Results: the paper shows that the system of “enablers” and “results”, developed by the EFQM Business Excellence Model, can be a solid reference model to evaluate the maturity level of the Purchasing Department and to drive the investments and actions aimed at improving its performances.
Limitations: the self-assessment tool discussed in this study is based on the use of questionnaire items assessed on Likert scales. Thus, future empirical investigations should be conducted to confirm the validity of the EFQM model in the procurement area also through quantitative indicators.
Managerial Implications: the self-assessment tool presented in this paper is an effective approach to observe the correlation between operational actions/decisions of the Purchasing Department and the economic performance of the company; moreover it is an approach that can be easily implemented over time and that can facilitate benchmarking activities (among companies, branches of the same enterprise etc.).
Originality of the paper: the originality refers to the use of a methodology, grounded in the quality management practices and literature, in the procurement Processes, where the discussion on the performance Measurement Systems is still open.
References
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ANTHONY R.N. (1988), The management control function, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
BELVEDERE V. (2014), “Defining the scope of service operations management: an investigation on the factors that affect the span of responsibility of the operations department in service companies”, Production Planning and Control, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 447-461.
BELVEDERE V. (2015), La misura delle prestazioni produttive e logistiche nelle aziende industriali, EGEA, Milano.
BELVEDERE V., GALLMANN F. (2005), “Le misure di performance dell’ufficio acquisti”, in Stabilini G. (a cura di), Acquistare Prodotti e Servizi. Processi, logiche e soluzioni gestionali, ETAS, Milano, pp. 201-222.
BITITCI U.S., FIRAT S.O., GARENGO P.P. (2013), “How to compare performances of firms operating in different sectors?”, Production Planning and Control, vol. 24, n. 12, pp. 1032-1049.
BLOME C., HOLLOS D., PAULRAJ A. (2014), “Green procurement and green supplier development: antecedents and effects on supplier performance”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 52, n. 1, pp. 32-49.
BOLBOLI S.A., REICHE M. (2015), “Introducing a concept for efficient design of EFQM excellence model”, The TQM Journal, vol. 27, n. 4, pp. 382-396.
BOLLEN K.A. (1989), Structural equations with latent variables, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
BOU-LLUSAR J., ESCRIG-TENA A.B., ROCA-PUIG V., BELTRÁN-MARTÍN I. (2009), “An empirical assessment of the EFQM Excellence Model: Evaluation as a TQM framework relative to the MBNQA Model”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 27, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
BOURNE M., NEELY A., PLATTS K., MILLS J. (2002), “The success and failure of performance measurement initiatives. Perceptions of participating managers”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 11, pp. 1288-1310.
BRIGNALL S., BALLANTINE J. (1996), “Performance measurement in service businesses revisited”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 7, n. 1, pp. 6-31.
CALVO-MORA A., LEAL A., ROLDÁN J.L. (2005), “Relationships between the EFQM model criteria: a study in Spanish universities”, Total quality management & business excellence, vol. 16, n. 6, pp. 741-770.
CALVO-MORA A., PICÓN-BERJOYO A., RUIZ-MORENO C., CAUZO-BOTTALA L. (2015), “Contextual and mediation analysis between TQM critical factors and organisational results in the EFQM Excellence Model framework”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 53, n. 7, pp. 2186-2201.
CARR A.S., PEARSON J.N. (2002), “The impact of purchasing and supplier involvement on strategic purchasing and its impact on firm’s performance”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 9/10, pp. 1032-1053.
DUMOND E.J. (1991), “Performance measurement and decision making in a purchasing environment”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, vol. 27, n. 2, pp. 21-31.
EASTON L., MURPHY D.J., PEARSON J.N. (2002), “Purchasing performance evaluation: with data envelopment analysis”, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol. 8, n. 3, pp. 123-134.
EDWARDS J.R., LAMBERT L.S. (2007), “Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: a general analytical framework using moderated path analysis”, Psychological methods, vol. 12, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
EFQM (1991), The Business Excellence Model, EFQM Publication, Brussels.
EFQM (2013), An overview of the EFQM Excellence Model, EFQM Publication, Brussels.
ELLRAM L.M., LIU B. (2002), “The financial impact of supply management”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 6, n. 6, pp. 30-37.
FITZGERALD L., JOHNSTON R., BRIGNALL T.J., SILVESTRO R., VOSS C. (1991), Performance Measurement in Service Businesses, CIMA, London, U.K.
GÓMEZ GÓMEZ J.G., MARTÍNEZ-COSTA M.M., LORENTE Á.R.M. (2011), “A critical evaluation of the EFQM model”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 28, n. 5, pp. 484-502.
GONZÀLEZ-BENITO J. (2007), “A theory of purchasing’s contribution to business performance”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25, n. 4, pp. 901-917.
GRANDO A., SIANESI A. (1991), “Il Fornitore: dal prezzo alla prestazione globale”, Economia e Management, vol. 22 settembre-ottobre, pp. 72-86.
GRANDO A., TAPIERO C.S., BELVEDERE V. (2007), “Operational performances in manufacturing and service industries: conceptual framework and research agenda”, International Journal of Business Performance Management, vol. 9, n. 2, pp. 110-126.
GRANDO A., VERONA G., VICARI S. (2006), Tecnologia, Innovazione, Operations, Egea, Milano.
GUNASEKARAN A., KOBU B. (2007), “Performance measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain management: a review of recent literature (1995-2004) for research and applications”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 45, n. 12, pp. 2819-2840.
HAIR J.F., BLACK W.C., BABIN B.J., ANDERSON R.E., TATHAM R.L. (2014), Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.), Edinburgh Gate Harlow, Pearson Education, UK.
HARMAN H.H. (1967), Modern Factor Analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
HENSLEY R.L. (1999), “A review of operations and management studies using scale development techniques”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 17, n. 3, pp. 343-358.
HIDES M.T., DAVIES J., JACKSON S. (2004), “Implementation of EFQM excellence model self-assessment in the UK higher education sector-lessons learned from other sectors”, The TQM Magazine, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 194-201.
HOFMANN E., MAUCHER D., KOTULA M., KREIENBRINK O. (2014), Performance Measurement and Incentive Systems in Purchasing. More than just Savings, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
HU L., BENTLER P.M. (1999), “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives”, Structural Equation Modeling, vol. 6, n. 1, pp. 1-55.
KAPLAN R.S., NORTON D.P. (1996), The Balanced Scorecard - Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
KAPLAN R.S., NORTON D.P. (2000), The Strategy Focused Organization - How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
LEONARD D., MCADAM R. (2002), “The role of the business excellence model in operational and strategic decision making”, Management Decision, vol. 40, n. 1, pp. 17-25.
LOEHLIN J.C. (1998), Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, U.S.
LYNCH R.L., CROSS K.F. (1991), Measure Up - The Essential Guide to Measuring Business Performance, Mandarin, Londra.
MASKELL B.H. (1991), Performance Measurement for World Class Manufacturing: A Model for American Companies, Productivity Press, Cambridge, MA.
MCADAM R., BAILIE B. (2002), “Business performance measures and alignment impact on strategy”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 9, pp. 972-996.
MIGLIACCIO M. (2011), “Evoluzione del processo di acquisto e logica digitale”, Sinergie, n. 56, pp. 177-196.
MISHRA A., DEVARAJ S., VAIDYANATHAN G. (2013), “Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 31, n. 6, pp. 376-390.
NABITZ U., KLAZINGA N., WALBURG J.A.N. (2000), “The EFQM excellence model: European and Dutch experiences with the EFQM approach in health care”, International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 191-202.
NEELY A., ADAMS C., CROWE P. (2001), “The performance prism in practice”, Measuring Business Excellence, vol. 5, n. 2, pp. 6-13.
NEELY A., BOURNE M., MILLS J., PLATTS K., RICHARDS H. (2002), Getting the measure of your business, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
NEELY A., GREGORY M., PLATTS K. (1995), “Performance Measurement System design. A literature review and a research agenda”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 15 n. 4, pp. 80-116.
NEELY A., MILLS J., PLATTS K., RICHARDS H., GREGORY M., BOURNE M., KENNERLEY M. (2000), “Performance Measurement System design: developing and testing a process-based approach”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 20 n. 10, pp. 1119-1145.
NEELY A. (2005), “The evolution of performance measurement research: Developments in the last decade and a research agenda for the next”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 25, n. 12, pp. 1264-1277.
NUNNALLY, J.C. (1978), Psychometric theory (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.
PODSAKOFF P.M., MACKENZIE S.B., JEONG-YEON L., PODSAKOFF N.P. (2003), “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 88, n. 5, pp. 879-903.
RITCHIE L., DALE B.G. (2000), “Self-assessment using the business excellence model: A study of practice and process”, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 66, n. 20, pp. 241-254.
RUSJAN B. (2005), “Usefulness of the EFQM excellence model: Theoretical explanation of some conceptual and methodological issues”, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 363-380.
SAMUELSSON P., NILSSON L.E. (2002), “Self-assessment practices in large organisations: Experiences from using the EFQM excellence model”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 19, n. 1, pp. 10-23.
SARGIACOMO M. (2000), “TQM for Higher Education Institutions II - Higher Education Institutions and the Issue of Total Quality”, Sinergie Rapporto di Ricerca, n. 9, pp. 109-130.
SCIOMMERI M., D’ASCENZO F. (2009), “I modelli di analisi “Vendor Selection Method-VSM” e “Vendor Evaluation Method-VEM”, Sinergie, n. 78, pp. 127-144.
SENESE M.S. (2003), “Qualità e benchmarking nel settore culturale”, Economia della Cultura, XIII, n. 4, pp. 477-484.
SIGNORI P. (2011), “SCIMam (supply chain integrated management analysis method): la valutazione delle potenzialità d’integrazione logistica di una catena estesa di fornitura”, Sinergie, n. 56, pp. 37-65.
SILVESTRO R., FITZGERALD L., JOHNSTON R., VOSS C. (1992), “Towards a classification of service Processes”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 62-75.
SIMONE C. (2011), “Aspetti interni e transazionali del “Progetto Approvvigionamento” dell’Alenia-Divisione Spazio”, Sinergie, n. 63, pp. 171-198.
SIMONS R. (2000), Performance measurement & control systems for implementing strategy. Text & cases. Prentice Hall, London, U.K.
STEVENS J. (1986), Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
TUNISINI A. (2002), “Procurement Processes and supply networks. An inquiry into Italian furniture and wood-working machinery industries”, Sinergie, n. 58, pp. 121-136.
VAN WEELE A.J. (1994), Purchasing Management. Analysis, planning and practice, Chapman & Hall, London, U.K.
VICKERY S.K., DROGE C., MARKLAND R.E. (1993), “Production competence and business strategy: do they affect business performance?”, Decision Sciences, vol. 24 n. 2, pp. 436-455.
WISNER J.D., FAWCETT S.E. (1991), “Link firm strategy to operating decisions through performance measurement”, Production and Inventory Management Journal, vol. 32, n. 3, pp. 5-11.
WRIGHT S. (1934), “The method of path coefficients”, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 5, n. 3, pp. 161-215.
YADAV N., SAGAR M. (2013), “Performance measurement and management frameworks. Research trends of the last two decades”, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 19, n. 6, pp. 947-971.
ANTHONY R.N. (1988), The management control function, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
BELVEDERE V. (2014), “Defining the scope of service operations management: an investigation on the factors that affect the span of responsibility of the operations department in service companies”, Production Planning and Control, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 447-461.
BELVEDERE V. (2015), La misura delle prestazioni produttive e logistiche nelle aziende industriali, EGEA, Milano.
BELVEDERE V., GALLMANN F. (2005), “Le misure di performance dell’ufficio acquisti”, in Stabilini G. (a cura di), Acquistare Prodotti e Servizi. Processi, logiche e soluzioni gestionali, ETAS, Milano, pp. 201-222.
BITITCI U.S., FIRAT S.O., GARENGO P.P. (2013), “How to compare performances of firms operating in different sectors?”, Production Planning and Control, vol. 24, n. 12, pp. 1032-1049.
BLOME C., HOLLOS D., PAULRAJ A. (2014), “Green procurement and green supplier development: antecedents and effects on supplier performance”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 52, n. 1, pp. 32-49.
BOLBOLI S.A., REICHE M. (2015), “Introducing a concept for efficient design of EFQM excellence model”, The TQM Journal, vol. 27, n. 4, pp. 382-396.
BOLLEN K.A. (1989), Structural equations with latent variables, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
BOU-LLUSAR J., ESCRIG-TENA A.B., ROCA-PUIG V., BELTRÁN-MARTÍN I. (2009), “An empirical assessment of the EFQM Excellence Model: Evaluation as a TQM framework relative to the MBNQA Model”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 27, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
BOURNE M., NEELY A., PLATTS K., MILLS J. (2002), “The success and failure of performance measurement initiatives. Perceptions of participating managers”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 11, pp. 1288-1310.
BRIGNALL S., BALLANTINE J. (1996), “Performance measurement in service businesses revisited”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 7, n. 1, pp. 6-31.
CALVO-MORA A., LEAL A., ROLDÁN J.L. (2005), “Relationships between the EFQM model criteria: a study in Spanish universities”, Total quality management & business excellence, vol. 16, n. 6, pp. 741-770.
CALVO-MORA A., PICÓN-BERJOYO A., RUIZ-MORENO C., CAUZO-BOTTALA L. (2015), “Contextual and mediation analysis between TQM critical factors and organisational results in the EFQM Excellence Model framework”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 53, n. 7, pp. 2186-2201.
CARR A.S., PEARSON J.N. (2002), “The impact of purchasing and supplier involvement on strategic purchasing and its impact on firm’s performance”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 9/10, pp. 1032-1053.
DUMOND E.J. (1991), “Performance measurement and decision making in a purchasing environment”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, vol. 27, n. 2, pp. 21-31.
EASTON L., MURPHY D.J., PEARSON J.N. (2002), “Purchasing performance evaluation: with data envelopment analysis”, European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol. 8, n. 3, pp. 123-134.
EDWARDS J.R., LAMBERT L.S. (2007), “Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: a general analytical framework using moderated path analysis”, Psychological methods, vol. 12, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
EFQM (1991), The Business Excellence Model, EFQM Publication, Brussels.
EFQM (2013), An overview of the EFQM Excellence Model, EFQM Publication, Brussels.
ELLRAM L.M., LIU B. (2002), “The financial impact of supply management”, Supply chain Management Review, vol. 6, n. 6, pp. 30-37.
FITZGERALD L., JOHNSTON R., BRIGNALL T.J., SILVESTRO R., VOSS C. (1991), Performance Measurement in Service Businesses, CIMA, London, U.K.
GÓMEZ GÓMEZ J.G., MARTÍNEZ-COSTA M.M., LORENTE Á.R.M. (2011), “A critical evaluation of the EFQM model”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 28, n. 5, pp. 484-502.
GONZÀLEZ-BENITO J. (2007), “A theory of purchasing’s contribution to business performance”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25, n. 4, pp. 901-917.
GRANDO A., SIANESI A. (1991), “Il Fornitore: dal prezzo alla prestazione globale”, Economia e Management, vol. 22 settembre-ottobre, pp. 72-86.
GRANDO A., TAPIERO C.S., BELVEDERE V. (2007), “Operational performances in manufacturing and service industries: conceptual framework and research agenda”, International Journal of Business Performance Management, vol. 9, n. 2, pp. 110-126.
GRANDO A., VERONA G., VICARI S. (2006), Tecnologia, Innovazione, Operations, Egea, Milano.
GUNASEKARAN A., KOBU B. (2007), “Performance measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain management: a review of recent literature (1995-2004) for research and applications”, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 45, n. 12, pp. 2819-2840.
HAIR J.F., BLACK W.C., BABIN B.J., ANDERSON R.E., TATHAM R.L. (2014), Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.), Edinburgh Gate Harlow, Pearson Education, UK.
HARMAN H.H. (1967), Modern Factor Analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
HENSLEY R.L. (1999), “A review of operations and management studies using scale development techniques”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 17, n. 3, pp. 343-358.
HIDES M.T., DAVIES J., JACKSON S. (2004), “Implementation of EFQM excellence model self-assessment in the UK higher education sector-lessons learned from other sectors”, The TQM Magazine, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 194-201.
HOFMANN E., MAUCHER D., KOTULA M., KREIENBRINK O. (2014), Performance Measurement and Incentive Systems in Purchasing. More than just Savings, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
HU L., BENTLER P.M. (1999), “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives”, Structural Equation Modeling, vol. 6, n. 1, pp. 1-55.
KAPLAN R.S., NORTON D.P. (1996), The Balanced Scorecard - Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
KAPLAN R.S., NORTON D.P. (2000), The Strategy Focused Organization - How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
LEONARD D., MCADAM R. (2002), “The role of the business excellence model in operational and strategic decision making”, Management Decision, vol. 40, n. 1, pp. 17-25.
LOEHLIN J.C. (1998), Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, U.S.
LYNCH R.L., CROSS K.F. (1991), Measure Up - The Essential Guide to Measuring Business Performance, Mandarin, Londra.
MASKELL B.H. (1991), Performance Measurement for World Class Manufacturing: A Model for American Companies, Productivity Press, Cambridge, MA.
MCADAM R., BAILIE B. (2002), “Business performance measures and alignment impact on strategy”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 22, n. 9, pp. 972-996.
MIGLIACCIO M. (2011), “Evoluzione del processo di acquisto e logica digitale”, Sinergie, n. 56, pp. 177-196.
MISHRA A., DEVARAJ S., VAIDYANATHAN G. (2013), “Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis”, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 31, n. 6, pp. 376-390.
NABITZ U., KLAZINGA N., WALBURG J.A.N. (2000), “The EFQM excellence model: European and Dutch experiences with the EFQM approach in health care”, International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 191-202.
NEELY A., ADAMS C., CROWE P. (2001), “The performance prism in practice”, Measuring Business Excellence, vol. 5, n. 2, pp. 6-13.
NEELY A., BOURNE M., MILLS J., PLATTS K., RICHARDS H. (2002), Getting the measure of your business, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
NEELY A., GREGORY M., PLATTS K. (1995), “Performance Measurement System design. A literature review and a research agenda”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 15 n. 4, pp. 80-116.
NEELY A., MILLS J., PLATTS K., RICHARDS H., GREGORY M., BOURNE M., KENNERLEY M. (2000), “Performance Measurement System design: developing and testing a process-based approach”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 20 n. 10, pp. 1119-1145.
NEELY A. (2005), “The evolution of performance measurement research: Developments in the last decade and a research agenda for the next”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 25, n. 12, pp. 1264-1277.
NUNNALLY, J.C. (1978), Psychometric theory (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.
PODSAKOFF P.M., MACKENZIE S.B., JEONG-YEON L., PODSAKOFF N.P. (2003), “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 88, n. 5, pp. 879-903.
RITCHIE L., DALE B.G. (2000), “Self-assessment using the business excellence model: A study of practice and process”, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 66, n. 20, pp. 241-254.
RUSJAN B. (2005), “Usefulness of the EFQM excellence model: Theoretical explanation of some conceptual and methodological issues”, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 363-380.
SAMUELSSON P., NILSSON L.E. (2002), “Self-assessment practices in large organisations: Experiences from using the EFQM excellence model”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 19, n. 1, pp. 10-23.
SARGIACOMO M. (2000), “TQM for Higher Education Institutions II - Higher Education Institutions and the Issue of Total Quality”, Sinergie Rapporto di Ricerca, n. 9, pp. 109-130.
SCIOMMERI M., D’ASCENZO F. (2009), “I modelli di analisi “Vendor Selection Method-VSM” e “Vendor Evaluation Method-VEM”, Sinergie, n. 78, pp. 127-144.
SENESE M.S. (2003), “Qualità e benchmarking nel settore culturale”, Economia della Cultura, XIII, n. 4, pp. 477-484.
SIGNORI P. (2011), “SCIMam (supply chain integrated management analysis method): la valutazione delle potenzialità d’integrazione logistica di una catena estesa di fornitura”, Sinergie, n. 56, pp. 37-65.
SILVESTRO R., FITZGERALD L., JOHNSTON R., VOSS C. (1992), “Towards a classification of service Processes”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 62-75.
SIMONE C. (2011), “Aspetti interni e transazionali del “Progetto Approvvigionamento” dell’Alenia-Divisione Spazio”, Sinergie, n. 63, pp. 171-198.
SIMONS R. (2000), Performance measurement & control systems for implementing strategy. Text & cases. Prentice Hall, London, U.K.
STEVENS J. (1986), Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
TUNISINI A. (2002), “Procurement Processes and supply networks. An inquiry into Italian furniture and wood-working machinery industries”, Sinergie, n. 58, pp. 121-136.
VAN WEELE A.J. (1994), Purchasing Management. Analysis, planning and practice, Chapman & Hall, London, U.K.
VICKERY S.K., DROGE C., MARKLAND R.E. (1993), “Production competence and business strategy: do they affect business performance?”, Decision Sciences, vol. 24 n. 2, pp. 436-455.
WISNER J.D., FAWCETT S.E. (1991), “Link firm strategy to operating decisions through performance measurement”, Production and Inventory Management Journal, vol. 32, n. 3, pp. 5-11.
WRIGHT S. (1934), “The method of path coefficients”, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, vol. 5, n. 3, pp. 161-215.
YADAV N., SAGAR M. (2013), “Performance measurement and management frameworks. Research trends of the last two decades”, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 19, n. 6, pp. 947-971.
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2016-12-22
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