A recipe for excellence in health care: investigating the relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy, awareness, and health services’ use
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s107.2018.05Keywords:
patient participation; health literacy; quality; self-efficacy; awareness; patient empowerment; patient involvementAbstract
Purpose of the paper: Health services’ quality relies on the patients’ ability to participate in the provision of care as co-creators of value. Among others, individual health literacy - i.e. the ability to access, understand, process and use health information for the purposes of health protection and promotion - is crucial to realize the full potential of patient involvement. This paper investigates the consequences of inadequate individual health literacy on self-efficacy perception and awareness of health-related issues, which are expected to affect the process of patient empowerment.
Methodology: A sample of 438 Italian patients was built. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) was used to assess individual health literacy skills. A self-reporting survey was administered to assess the patients’ self-efficacy, awareness of health-related issues and health services’ use. Also, socio-demographic variables were collected to investigate the correlates of limited health literacy.
Findings: Problematic health literacy was prevailing. The lower the health literacy skills, the poorer the individual self-efficacy and the lower the awareness of health-related issues. Interestingly, inadequate health literacy was associated with increased access to emergency care and hospital services.
Practical implications: Inadequate health literacy is likely to prevent patient empowerment. Actually, it performs as a barrier to patient involvement in the provision of care. Policy makers should attach a specific health literacy concern to health policies intended to promote patient participation in the provision of care. Besides, health care providers should arrange and implement tailored health literacy promotion initiatives, in an attempt to realize the full potential of patient empowerment and improve the quality of care.
Originality of the paper: Although health literacy is a well-established topic, evidence on the consequences of limited health literacy on health behaviors is still inconsistent. This paper contributes in advancing scientific knowledge on the issue, delving into the effects of limited health literacy on self-efficacy perceptions, awareness of health-related issues and health services’ use
References
ABOUMATAR H.J., CARSON K.A., BEACH M.C., ROTER D.L., COOPER L.A. (2013), “The Impact of Health Literacy on Desire for Participation in Healthcare, Medical Visit Communication, and Patient Reported Outcomes among Patients with Hypertension”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 28, n. 11, pp. 1469-1476.
ANNARUMMA C., PALUMBO R. (2016), “Contextualizing Health Literacy to Health Care Organizations. Exploratory Insights”, Journal of Health Management, vol. 18, n. 4, pp. 611-624.
ARMSTRONG N., HERBERT G., AVELING E.L., DIXON-WOODS M., MARTIN G. (2013), “Optimizing patient involvement in quality improvement”, Health Expectations, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 36-47.
BAKER D.W. (2006), “The Meaning and the Measure of Health Literacy”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 21, n. 8, pp. 878-883.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., SUDANO J., PATTERSON M. (2000), “The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons”, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, vol. 55, n. 6, pp. 368-374.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., SUDANO J., PATTERSON M. (2000), The “Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons”, The Journals of Gerontology - Series B, vol. 55, n. 6, pp. 368-374.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., SCOTT T., PARKER R.M., GREEN D., REN J., PEEL J. (2002), “Functional Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission Among Medicare Managed Care Enrollees”, American Journal in Public Health, vol. 92, n. 8, pp. 1278-1283.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., SCOTT T., PARKER RM, GREEN D., REN J., PEEL J. (2004), “Health literacy and use of outpatient physician services by Medicare managed care enrolees”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 19, n. 3, pp. 215-220.
BAKER D.W., PARKER R.M., WILLIAMS M.V., CLARK W.S. (1998), “Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 13, n. 12, pp. 791-798.
BANDURA A. (1977), “Self-Efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change”, Psychological Review, vol. 84, n. 2, pp. 191-215.
BARNES J.A. (1977), The Ethics of Inquiry in Social Science: Three Lectures, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
BARRY M.M., D'EATH M., SIXSMITH J. (2013), “Interventions for Improving Population Health Literacy: Insights from a Rapid Review of the Evidence”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 18, n. 12, pp. 1507-1522.
BATTERHAM R., HAWKINS M., COLLINS P.A., BUCHBINDER R., OSBORNE R.H. (2016), “Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities”, Public Health, vol. 132, n. 1, pp. 3-12.
BAUER S.E., SCHUMACHER J.R., HALL A.G., HENDRY P., PELTZER-JONES J.M., KALYNYCH C., CARDEN D.L. (2016), “Primary Care Experiences of Emergency Department Patients with Limited Health Literacy”, Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, vol. 9, n. 1, pp. 32-41.
BERENS E.M., VOGT D., MESSER M., HURRELMANN K., SCHAEFFER D. (2016), “Health literacy among different age groups in Germany: results of a cross-sectional survey”, BMC Public Health, vol. 16, n. 1151, Doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3810-6.
BERKMAN N.D., DAVIS T.C., MCCORMACK L. (2010), “Health Literacy: What Is It?”, Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 9-19.
BERKMAN N.D., SHERIDAN S.L., DONAHUE K.E., HALPERN D.J., CROTTY K. (2011), “Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review”, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 155, n. 2, pp. 97-107.
BERWICK D.M., GODFREY B.A., ROESSNER J. (1991), “Curing Health Care: New Strategies for Quality Improvement”, Journal for Healthcare Quality, vol. 13, n. 5, pp. 65-66.
BOHANNY W., WU S.F., LIU C.Y., YEH S.H., TSAY S.L., WANG T.J. (2013), “Health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 25, n. 2, pp. 495-502.
BRACH C., KELLER D., HERNANDEZ L.M., BAUR C., PARKER R., DREYER B., SCHYVE P., LEMERISE A.J., SCHILLINGER D. (2012), Attributes of a health literate organization, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
CHINN D. (2011), “Critical health literacy: A review and critical analysis”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 73, n. 1, pp. 60-67.
CHO Y.I., LEE S.Y.D., AROZULLAH A.M., CRITTENDEN K.S. (2008), “Effects of health literacy on health status and health service utilization amongst the elderly”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 66, n. 8, pp. 1809-1816.
COLBERT A.M., SEREIKA S.M., ERLEN J.A. (2013), “Functional health literacy, medication-taking self-efficacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 69, n. 2, pp. 295-304.
COLTMAN T.D.T.M., MIDGLEY D.F., VENIAK S. (2008), “Formative versus reflective measurement models: Two applications of formative measurement”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 61, n. 12, pp. 1250-1262.
DAVEY J., HOLDEN C.A., SMITH B.J. (2015), “The correlates of chronic disease-related health literacy and its components among men: a systematic review”, BMC Public Health, vol. 15, n. 589, Doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1900-5.
DAVIS T.C., LONG S.W., JACKSON R.H., MAYEAUX E.J., GEORGE R.B., MURPHY P.W., CROUCH M.A. (1993), “Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine: A shortened screening instrument”, Family Medicine, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 391-395.
DENNISON C.R., MCENTEE M.L., SAMUEL L., JOHNSON B.J., ROTMAN S., KIELTY A., RUSSELL S.D. (2011), “Adequate health literacy is associated with higher heart failure knowledge and self-care confidence in hospitalized patients”, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 26, n. 5, pp. 359-367.
DEWALT D.A., BOONE R.S., PIGNONE M.P. (2007), “Literacy and Its Relationship with Self-efficacy, Trust, and Participation in Medical Decision Making”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 27-35.
DONOVAN-KICKEN E., MACKERT M., GUINN T.D., TOLLISON A.C., BRECKINRIDGE B., PONT S.J. (2012). “Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, and Patients' Assessment of Medical Disclosure and Consent Documentation”, Health Communication, vol. 27, n. 6, pp. 581-590.
FUERTES J.N., MISLOWACK A., BENNETT J., PAUL L., GILBERT T.C., FONTAN G., BOYLAN L.S. (2007), “The physician-patient working alliance”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 66, n. 1, pp. 29-36.
FUNNELL M.M. (2016), “Patient empowerment: What does it really mean?”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 99, n. 12, pp. 1921-1922.
GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., PEEL J., BAKER D.W. (2003), “Health literacy and knowledge of chronic disease”, Patient Education and Counselling, vol. 51, n. 3, pp. 267-275.
GOGGINS K.M., WALLSTON K.A., NWOSU S., SCHILDCROUT J.S., CASTEL L., KRIPALANI S. (2014), “Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Other Characteristics Associated with Hospitalized Patients' Preferences for Involvement in Decision Making”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 19, n. 2, pp. 29-43.
GOLBECK A.L., AHLERS-SCHMIDT C.R., PASCHAL A.M., DISMUKE S.E. (2005), “A Definition and Operational Framework for Health Numeracy”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 375-376.
GROENE O., KLAZINGA N., WAGNER C., ARAH O.A., THOMPSON A., BRUNEAU C., SUÑOL R. (2010), “Investigating organizational quality improvement systems, patient empowerment, organizational culture, professional involvement and the quality of care in European hospitals: The Deepening our Understanding of Quality Improvement in Europe (DUQuE) project”, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 10, n. 281, Doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-281.
HEINRICH C. (2012), “Health literacy: The sixth vital sign”, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 24, n. 4, pp. 218-223.
HOWIE J.G., HEANEY D.J., MAXWELL M., WALKER J.J. (1998), “A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two established satisfaction scales as an outcome measure of primary care consultations”, Family Practice, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 165-171.
HOWIE J.G.R., HEANEY D.J., MAXWELL M., WALKER J.J., FREEMAN G.K. (1999), “Quality at general practice consultations: cross sectional survey”, British Medical Journal, vol. 319, n. 738, Doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7212.738.
ISHIKAWA H., YANO E. (2008), “Patient health literacy and participation in the health care process”, Health Expectations, vol. 11, n. 2, pp. 113-122.
KREINDLER S.A., STRUTHERS A. (2016), “Assessing the organizational impact of patient involvement: a first STEPP”, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 441-453.
KUMAR V., ALBERT N.M., MEDADO P., MANGO L.M., NUTTER B., YANG D., LEVY P. (2017), “Correlates of Health Literacy and Its Impact on Illness Beliefs for Emergency Department Patients with Acute Heart Failure”, Clinical Pathways in Cardiology, vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 27-31.
LEUNG A.Y.M., KWAN C.W., LEUNG I.S.M., CHI I. (2016), “Inadequate health literacy and more hospitalisation among frail older adults in Hong Kong”, Asian Journal of Gerontology & Geriatrics, vol. 11, n. 1, pp. 10-13.
LEVIN-ZAMIR D., PETERBURG Y. (2001), “Health literacy in health systems: perspectives on patient self-management in Israel”, Health Promotion International, vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 87-94.
MALLOY-WEIR L.J., CHARLES C., GAFNI A., ENTWISTLE V.A. (2015), “Empirical relationships between health literacy and treatment decision making: A scoping review of the literature”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 98, n. 3, pp. 296-309.
MCCORMACK L. (2009), “What Is Health Literacy and How Do We Measure It?”, in Measures of Health Literacy: Workshop Summary, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 29-34.
MURRAY M., TU W., WU J., MORROW D., SMITH F., BRATER D.C. (2009), “Factors associated with exacerbation of heart failure include treatment adherence and health literacy skills”, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 85, n. 6, pp. 651-658.
NAIK A.D., STREET JR. R.L., CASTILLO D., ABRAHAM N.S. (2011), “Health literacy and decision making styles for complex antithrombotic therapy among older multimorbid adults”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 85, n. 3, pp. 499-504.
NIELSEN-BOHLMAN L., PANZER A.M., HAMLIN B., KINDIG D.A. (2004), Health Literacy: A prescription to end confusion, Washington, DC: USA: The National Academy Press.
NUTBEAM D. (2008), “The evolving concept of health literacy”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 67, n. 12, pp. 2072-2078.
NUTBEAM D. (2009), “Defining and measuring health literacy: what can we learn from literacy studies?”, International Journal of Public Health, vol. 54, n. 1, pp. 303-305.
OSBORN C.Y., CAVANAUGH K., WALLSTON K.A., ROTHMAN R.L. (2010), “Self-Efficacy Links Health Literacy and Numeracy to Glycemic Control”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 146-158.
OSBORN C.Y., WEISS B.D., DAVIS T.C., SKRIPKAUSKAS S., RODRIGUE C., BASS P.F., WOLF M.S. (2007), “Measuring Adult Literacy in Health Care: Performance of the Newest Vital Sign”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 36-46.
PAASCHE-ORLOW M.K., WOLF M.S. (2007), “The casual pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 9-26.
PALUMBO R. (2012), “Health literacy: una review della dottrina internazionale”, Mecosan, vol. 84, n. 4, pp. 27-50.
PALUMBO R. (2015), “Discussing the Effects of Poor Health Literacy on Patients Facing HIV: A Narrative Literature Review”, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, vol. 4, n. 7, pp. 417-430.
PALUMBO R. (2016), “Designing health-literate health care organization: A literature review”, Health Services Management Research, vol. 29, n. 3, pp.79-87.
PALUMBO R. (2017), The Bright Side and the Dark Side of Patient Empowerment. Co-creation and Co-destruction of Value in the Healthcare Environment. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
PALUMBO R., ANNARUMMA C., ADINOLFI P., MUSELLA M. (2016), “The missing link to patient engagement in Italy. The Role of Health Literacy in Enabling Patients”, Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 30, n. 8, pp. 1183-1203.
PALUMBO R., ANNARUMMA C., ADINOLFI P., MUSELLA M., PISCOPO G. (2016), “The Italian Health Literacy Project: Insights from the Assessment of Health Literacy Skills in Italy”, Health Policy, vol. 120, n. 9, pp. 1087-1094.
PALUMBO R., MANNA R. (2018). “What if things go wrong in co-producing health services? Exploring the implementation problems of health care co-production”, Policy and Society, vol. 37, n. 3, pp. 368-385.
PARKER R.M., BAKER D.W., WILLIAMS M.V., NURSS J.R. (1995), “The test of functional health literacy in adults”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 10, n. 10, pp. 537-541.
PLEASANT A., RUDD R.E., O’LEARY C., PAASCHE-ORLOW M.K., ALLEN M.P., ALVARADO-LITTLE W., MYERS L., PARSON K., ROSEN S. (2016), Considerations for a New Definition of Health Literacy, Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine.
PRICE S., MERCER S.W., MACPHERSON H. (2006), “Practitioner empathy, patient enablement and health outcomes: A prospective study of acupuncture patients”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 63, n. 1/2, pp. 239-245.
RENEDO A., MARSTON C.A., SPYRIDONIDIS D., BARLOW J. (2015), “Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare Quality Improvement: How organizations can help patients and professionals to collaborate”, Public Management Review, vol. 17, n. 1, pp. 17-34.
ROBERTSON N., POLONSKY M., MCQUILKEN L. (2014), “Are my symptoms serious Dr Google? A resource-based typology of value co-destruction in online self-diagnosis”, Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 22, n. 3, pp. 246-256.
ROWLANDS G., KHAZAEZADEH N., OTENG-NTIM E., SEED P., BARR S., WEISS B.D. (2010), “Development and validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: the newest vital sign”, BMC Public Health, vol. 13, n. 116, Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-116.
RUBIN D.L., PARMER J., FREIMUTH V., KALEY T., OKUNDAYE M. (2011), “Associations Between Older Adults' Spoken Interactive Health Literacy and Selected Health Care and Health Communication Outcomes”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 191-204.
SAFEER R.S., KEENAN J. (2005), “Health Literacy: The Gap Between Physicians and Patients”, American Family Physician, vol. 72, n. 3, pp. 463-468.
SARKAR U., FISHER L., SCHILLINGER D. (2006), “Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management across race/ethnicity and health literacy?”, Diabetes Care, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 823-829.
SCHULZ P.J., NAKAMOTO K. (2013), “Health literacy and patient empowerment in health communication: the importance of separating conjoined twins”, Patient Education & Counseling, vol. 90, n. 1, pp. 4-11.
SCHUMACHER J.R, HALL A.G., DAVIS T.C., ARNOLD C.L., BENNETT R.D., WOLF M.S., CARDEN D.L. (2013), “Potentially Preventable Use of Emergency Services: The Role of Low Health literacy”, Medical care, vol. 51, n. 8, pp. 654-658.
SCOTT T.L., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., BAKER D.W. (2002), “Health Literacy and Preventive Health Care Use Among Medicare Enrollees in a Managed Care Organization”, Medical Care, vol. 40, n. 5, pp. 395-404.
SEO J., GOODMAN M.S., POLITI M., BLANCHARD M., KAPHINGST K. (2016), “Effect of Health Literacy on Decision-Making Preferences among Medically Underserved Patients”, Medical Decision Making, vol. 36, n. 4, pp. 550-556.
SHAH L.C., WEST P., BREMMEYR K., SAVOY-MOORE R.T. (2010), “Health Literacy Instrument in Family Medicine: The “Newest Vital Sign” Ease of Use and Correlates”, Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, vol. 23, n. 2, pp. 195-203.
SIMONDS S.K. (1974), “Health Education as Social Policy”, Health Education Monographs, vol. 2, n. 1 s, pp. 1-25.
SØRENSEN K., PELIKAN J.M., RÖTHLIN F., GANAHL K., SLONSKA Z., DOYLE G.4 FULLAM J., KONDILIS B., AGRAFIOTIS D., UITERS E., FALCON M., MENSING M., TCHAMOV K., VAN DEN BROUCKE S., BRAND H. (2015), “Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey, n. HLS-EU)”, European Journal of Public Health, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 1053-1058.
STEWART D.E., ABBEY S.E., SHNEK Z.M., IRVINE J., GRACE S.L. (2004), “Gender Differences in Health Information Needs and Decisional Preferences in Patients Recovering from an Acute Ischemic Coronary Event”, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 66, n. 1, pp. 42-48.
SCHWARZER R., FUCHS R. (1995), “Self-efficacy and health behaviors”, in Conner M., Norman P., Eds., Predicting health behavior: Research and practice with social cognition models (163-196), Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
SYKES S., WILLS J., ROWLANDS G., POPPLE K. (2013), “Understanding critical health literacy: a concept analysis”, BMC Public Health, vol. 13, n. 150, Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-150.
VANGEEST J.B., WELCH V.L., WEINER S.J. (2010), “Patients' Perceptions of Screening for Health Literacy: Reactions to the Newest Vital Sign”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 15, n. 4, pp. 402-412.
VON WAGNER C., STEPTOE A., WOLF M.S., WARDLE J. (2009), “Health literacy and health actions: a review and a framework from health psychology”, Health Education & Behavior, vol. 36, n. 5, pp. 860-877.
WANG R.H., HSU H.C., LEE Y.J., SHIN S.J., LIN K.D., AN L.W. (2016), “Patient empowerment interacts with health literacy to associate with subsequent self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in Taiwan”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 99, n. 10, pp. 1626-1631.
WEAVER N.L., WRAY R.J, ZELLIN S., GAUTAM K., JUPKA K. (2012), “Advancing organizational health literacy in health care organizations serving high-needs populations: a case study”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 17, n. S3, pp. 55-66.
WEISS B.D., MAYS M.Z., MARTZ W., CASTRO K.M., DEWALT D.A., PIGNONE M.P., MOCKBEE J., HALE F.A. (2005), “Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: the newest vital sign”, Annals of Family Medicine, vol. 6, n. 3, pp. 514-522.
WIIG S., STORM M., AASE K., GJESTSEN M.T., SOLHEIM M., HARTHUG S., ROBERT G., FULOP N. (2013), “Investigating the use of patient involvement and patient experience in quality improvement in Norway: rhetoric or reality?”, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 13, n. 206, Doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-206.
WOLF M.S., GAZMARARIAN J.A., BAKER D.W. (2005), “Health literacy and functional health status among older adults”, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 165, n. 17, p. 1946.
ANNARUMMA C., PALUMBO R. (2016), “Contextualizing Health Literacy to Health Care Organizations. Exploratory Insights”, Journal of Health Management, vol. 18, n. 4, pp. 611-624.
ARMSTRONG N., HERBERT G., AVELING E.L., DIXON-WOODS M., MARTIN G. (2013), “Optimizing patient involvement in quality improvement”, Health Expectations, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 36-47.
BAKER D.W. (2006), “The Meaning and the Measure of Health Literacy”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 21, n. 8, pp. 878-883.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., SUDANO J., PATTERSON M. (2000), “The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons”, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, vol. 55, n. 6, pp. 368-374.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., SUDANO J., PATTERSON M. (2000), The “Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons”, The Journals of Gerontology - Series B, vol. 55, n. 6, pp. 368-374.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., SCOTT T., PARKER R.M., GREEN D., REN J., PEEL J. (2002), “Functional Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission Among Medicare Managed Care Enrollees”, American Journal in Public Health, vol. 92, n. 8, pp. 1278-1283.
BAKER D.W., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., SCOTT T., PARKER RM, GREEN D., REN J., PEEL J. (2004), “Health literacy and use of outpatient physician services by Medicare managed care enrolees”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 19, n. 3, pp. 215-220.
BAKER D.W., PARKER R.M., WILLIAMS M.V., CLARK W.S. (1998), “Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 13, n. 12, pp. 791-798.
BANDURA A. (1977), “Self-Efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change”, Psychological Review, vol. 84, n. 2, pp. 191-215.
BARNES J.A. (1977), The Ethics of Inquiry in Social Science: Three Lectures, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
BARRY M.M., D'EATH M., SIXSMITH J. (2013), “Interventions for Improving Population Health Literacy: Insights from a Rapid Review of the Evidence”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 18, n. 12, pp. 1507-1522.
BATTERHAM R., HAWKINS M., COLLINS P.A., BUCHBINDER R., OSBORNE R.H. (2016), “Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities”, Public Health, vol. 132, n. 1, pp. 3-12.
BAUER S.E., SCHUMACHER J.R., HALL A.G., HENDRY P., PELTZER-JONES J.M., KALYNYCH C., CARDEN D.L. (2016), “Primary Care Experiences of Emergency Department Patients with Limited Health Literacy”, Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, vol. 9, n. 1, pp. 32-41.
BERENS E.M., VOGT D., MESSER M., HURRELMANN K., SCHAEFFER D. (2016), “Health literacy among different age groups in Germany: results of a cross-sectional survey”, BMC Public Health, vol. 16, n. 1151, Doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3810-6.
BERKMAN N.D., DAVIS T.C., MCCORMACK L. (2010), “Health Literacy: What Is It?”, Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 9-19.
BERKMAN N.D., SHERIDAN S.L., DONAHUE K.E., HALPERN D.J., CROTTY K. (2011), “Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review”, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 155, n. 2, pp. 97-107.
BERWICK D.M., GODFREY B.A., ROESSNER J. (1991), “Curing Health Care: New Strategies for Quality Improvement”, Journal for Healthcare Quality, vol. 13, n. 5, pp. 65-66.
BOHANNY W., WU S.F., LIU C.Y., YEH S.H., TSAY S.L., WANG T.J. (2013), “Health literacy, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 25, n. 2, pp. 495-502.
BRACH C., KELLER D., HERNANDEZ L.M., BAUR C., PARKER R., DREYER B., SCHYVE P., LEMERISE A.J., SCHILLINGER D. (2012), Attributes of a health literate organization, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
CHINN D. (2011), “Critical health literacy: A review and critical analysis”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 73, n. 1, pp. 60-67.
CHO Y.I., LEE S.Y.D., AROZULLAH A.M., CRITTENDEN K.S. (2008), “Effects of health literacy on health status and health service utilization amongst the elderly”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 66, n. 8, pp. 1809-1816.
COLBERT A.M., SEREIKA S.M., ERLEN J.A. (2013), “Functional health literacy, medication-taking self-efficacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 69, n. 2, pp. 295-304.
COLTMAN T.D.T.M., MIDGLEY D.F., VENIAK S. (2008), “Formative versus reflective measurement models: Two applications of formative measurement”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 61, n. 12, pp. 1250-1262.
DAVEY J., HOLDEN C.A., SMITH B.J. (2015), “The correlates of chronic disease-related health literacy and its components among men: a systematic review”, BMC Public Health, vol. 15, n. 589, Doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1900-5.
DAVIS T.C., LONG S.W., JACKSON R.H., MAYEAUX E.J., GEORGE R.B., MURPHY P.W., CROUCH M.A. (1993), “Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine: A shortened screening instrument”, Family Medicine, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 391-395.
DENNISON C.R., MCENTEE M.L., SAMUEL L., JOHNSON B.J., ROTMAN S., KIELTY A., RUSSELL S.D. (2011), “Adequate health literacy is associated with higher heart failure knowledge and self-care confidence in hospitalized patients”, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, vol. 26, n. 5, pp. 359-367.
DEWALT D.A., BOONE R.S., PIGNONE M.P. (2007), “Literacy and Its Relationship with Self-efficacy, Trust, and Participation in Medical Decision Making”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 27-35.
DONOVAN-KICKEN E., MACKERT M., GUINN T.D., TOLLISON A.C., BRECKINRIDGE B., PONT S.J. (2012). “Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, and Patients' Assessment of Medical Disclosure and Consent Documentation”, Health Communication, vol. 27, n. 6, pp. 581-590.
FUERTES J.N., MISLOWACK A., BENNETT J., PAUL L., GILBERT T.C., FONTAN G., BOYLAN L.S. (2007), “The physician-patient working alliance”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 66, n. 1, pp. 29-36.
FUNNELL M.M. (2016), “Patient empowerment: What does it really mean?”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 99, n. 12, pp. 1921-1922.
GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., PEEL J., BAKER D.W. (2003), “Health literacy and knowledge of chronic disease”, Patient Education and Counselling, vol. 51, n. 3, pp. 267-275.
GOGGINS K.M., WALLSTON K.A., NWOSU S., SCHILDCROUT J.S., CASTEL L., KRIPALANI S. (2014), “Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Other Characteristics Associated with Hospitalized Patients' Preferences for Involvement in Decision Making”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 19, n. 2, pp. 29-43.
GOLBECK A.L., AHLERS-SCHMIDT C.R., PASCHAL A.M., DISMUKE S.E. (2005), “A Definition and Operational Framework for Health Numeracy”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 375-376.
GROENE O., KLAZINGA N., WAGNER C., ARAH O.A., THOMPSON A., BRUNEAU C., SUÑOL R. (2010), “Investigating organizational quality improvement systems, patient empowerment, organizational culture, professional involvement and the quality of care in European hospitals: The Deepening our Understanding of Quality Improvement in Europe (DUQuE) project”, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 10, n. 281, Doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-281.
HEINRICH C. (2012), “Health literacy: The sixth vital sign”, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 24, n. 4, pp. 218-223.
HOWIE J.G., HEANEY D.J., MAXWELL M., WALKER J.J. (1998), “A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two established satisfaction scales as an outcome measure of primary care consultations”, Family Practice, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 165-171.
HOWIE J.G.R., HEANEY D.J., MAXWELL M., WALKER J.J., FREEMAN G.K. (1999), “Quality at general practice consultations: cross sectional survey”, British Medical Journal, vol. 319, n. 738, Doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7212.738.
ISHIKAWA H., YANO E. (2008), “Patient health literacy and participation in the health care process”, Health Expectations, vol. 11, n. 2, pp. 113-122.
KREINDLER S.A., STRUTHERS A. (2016), “Assessing the organizational impact of patient involvement: a first STEPP”, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 441-453.
KUMAR V., ALBERT N.M., MEDADO P., MANGO L.M., NUTTER B., YANG D., LEVY P. (2017), “Correlates of Health Literacy and Its Impact on Illness Beliefs for Emergency Department Patients with Acute Heart Failure”, Clinical Pathways in Cardiology, vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 27-31.
LEUNG A.Y.M., KWAN C.W., LEUNG I.S.M., CHI I. (2016), “Inadequate health literacy and more hospitalisation among frail older adults in Hong Kong”, Asian Journal of Gerontology & Geriatrics, vol. 11, n. 1, pp. 10-13.
LEVIN-ZAMIR D., PETERBURG Y. (2001), “Health literacy in health systems: perspectives on patient self-management in Israel”, Health Promotion International, vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 87-94.
MALLOY-WEIR L.J., CHARLES C., GAFNI A., ENTWISTLE V.A. (2015), “Empirical relationships between health literacy and treatment decision making: A scoping review of the literature”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 98, n. 3, pp. 296-309.
MCCORMACK L. (2009), “What Is Health Literacy and How Do We Measure It?”, in Measures of Health Literacy: Workshop Summary, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, pp. 29-34.
MURRAY M., TU W., WU J., MORROW D., SMITH F., BRATER D.C. (2009), “Factors associated with exacerbation of heart failure include treatment adherence and health literacy skills”, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 85, n. 6, pp. 651-658.
NAIK A.D., STREET JR. R.L., CASTILLO D., ABRAHAM N.S. (2011), “Health literacy and decision making styles for complex antithrombotic therapy among older multimorbid adults”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 85, n. 3, pp. 499-504.
NIELSEN-BOHLMAN L., PANZER A.M., HAMLIN B., KINDIG D.A. (2004), Health Literacy: A prescription to end confusion, Washington, DC: USA: The National Academy Press.
NUTBEAM D. (2008), “The evolving concept of health literacy”, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 67, n. 12, pp. 2072-2078.
NUTBEAM D. (2009), “Defining and measuring health literacy: what can we learn from literacy studies?”, International Journal of Public Health, vol. 54, n. 1, pp. 303-305.
OSBORN C.Y., CAVANAUGH K., WALLSTON K.A., ROTHMAN R.L. (2010), “Self-Efficacy Links Health Literacy and Numeracy to Glycemic Control”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 15, n. 2, pp. 146-158.
OSBORN C.Y., WEISS B.D., DAVIS T.C., SKRIPKAUSKAS S., RODRIGUE C., BASS P.F., WOLF M.S. (2007), “Measuring Adult Literacy in Health Care: Performance of the Newest Vital Sign”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 36-46.
PAASCHE-ORLOW M.K., WOLF M.S. (2007), “The casual pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes”, American Journal of Health Behavior, vol. 31, n. 1, pp. 9-26.
PALUMBO R. (2012), “Health literacy: una review della dottrina internazionale”, Mecosan, vol. 84, n. 4, pp. 27-50.
PALUMBO R. (2015), “Discussing the Effects of Poor Health Literacy on Patients Facing HIV: A Narrative Literature Review”, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, vol. 4, n. 7, pp. 417-430.
PALUMBO R. (2016), “Designing health-literate health care organization: A literature review”, Health Services Management Research, vol. 29, n. 3, pp.79-87.
PALUMBO R. (2017), The Bright Side and the Dark Side of Patient Empowerment. Co-creation and Co-destruction of Value in the Healthcare Environment. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
PALUMBO R., ANNARUMMA C., ADINOLFI P., MUSELLA M. (2016), “The missing link to patient engagement in Italy. The Role of Health Literacy in Enabling Patients”, Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 30, n. 8, pp. 1183-1203.
PALUMBO R., ANNARUMMA C., ADINOLFI P., MUSELLA M., PISCOPO G. (2016), “The Italian Health Literacy Project: Insights from the Assessment of Health Literacy Skills in Italy”, Health Policy, vol. 120, n. 9, pp. 1087-1094.
PALUMBO R., MANNA R. (2018). “What if things go wrong in co-producing health services? Exploring the implementation problems of health care co-production”, Policy and Society, vol. 37, n. 3, pp. 368-385.
PARKER R.M., BAKER D.W., WILLIAMS M.V., NURSS J.R. (1995), “The test of functional health literacy in adults”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 10, n. 10, pp. 537-541.
PLEASANT A., RUDD R.E., O’LEARY C., PAASCHE-ORLOW M.K., ALLEN M.P., ALVARADO-LITTLE W., MYERS L., PARSON K., ROSEN S. (2016), Considerations for a New Definition of Health Literacy, Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine.
PRICE S., MERCER S.W., MACPHERSON H. (2006), “Practitioner empathy, patient enablement and health outcomes: A prospective study of acupuncture patients”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 63, n. 1/2, pp. 239-245.
RENEDO A., MARSTON C.A., SPYRIDONIDIS D., BARLOW J. (2015), “Patient and Public Involvement in Healthcare Quality Improvement: How organizations can help patients and professionals to collaborate”, Public Management Review, vol. 17, n. 1, pp. 17-34.
ROBERTSON N., POLONSKY M., MCQUILKEN L. (2014), “Are my symptoms serious Dr Google? A resource-based typology of value co-destruction in online self-diagnosis”, Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 22, n. 3, pp. 246-256.
ROWLANDS G., KHAZAEZADEH N., OTENG-NTIM E., SEED P., BARR S., WEISS B.D. (2010), “Development and validation of a measure of health literacy in the UK: the newest vital sign”, BMC Public Health, vol. 13, n. 116, Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-116.
RUBIN D.L., PARMER J., FREIMUTH V., KALEY T., OKUNDAYE M. (2011), “Associations Between Older Adults' Spoken Interactive Health Literacy and Selected Health Care and Health Communication Outcomes”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 16, n. 3, pp. 191-204.
SAFEER R.S., KEENAN J. (2005), “Health Literacy: The Gap Between Physicians and Patients”, American Family Physician, vol. 72, n. 3, pp. 463-468.
SARKAR U., FISHER L., SCHILLINGER D. (2006), “Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management across race/ethnicity and health literacy?”, Diabetes Care, vol. 29, n. 4, pp. 823-829.
SCHULZ P.J., NAKAMOTO K. (2013), “Health literacy and patient empowerment in health communication: the importance of separating conjoined twins”, Patient Education & Counseling, vol. 90, n. 1, pp. 4-11.
SCHUMACHER J.R, HALL A.G., DAVIS T.C., ARNOLD C.L., BENNETT R.D., WOLF M.S., CARDEN D.L. (2013), “Potentially Preventable Use of Emergency Services: The Role of Low Health literacy”, Medical care, vol. 51, n. 8, pp. 654-658.
SCOTT T.L., GAZMARARIAN J.A., WILLIAMS M.V., BAKER D.W. (2002), “Health Literacy and Preventive Health Care Use Among Medicare Enrollees in a Managed Care Organization”, Medical Care, vol. 40, n. 5, pp. 395-404.
SEO J., GOODMAN M.S., POLITI M., BLANCHARD M., KAPHINGST K. (2016), “Effect of Health Literacy on Decision-Making Preferences among Medically Underserved Patients”, Medical Decision Making, vol. 36, n. 4, pp. 550-556.
SHAH L.C., WEST P., BREMMEYR K., SAVOY-MOORE R.T. (2010), “Health Literacy Instrument in Family Medicine: The “Newest Vital Sign” Ease of Use and Correlates”, Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, vol. 23, n. 2, pp. 195-203.
SIMONDS S.K. (1974), “Health Education as Social Policy”, Health Education Monographs, vol. 2, n. 1 s, pp. 1-25.
SØRENSEN K., PELIKAN J.M., RÖTHLIN F., GANAHL K., SLONSKA Z., DOYLE G.4 FULLAM J., KONDILIS B., AGRAFIOTIS D., UITERS E., FALCON M., MENSING M., TCHAMOV K., VAN DEN BROUCKE S., BRAND H. (2015), “Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey, n. HLS-EU)”, European Journal of Public Health, vol. 25, n. 6, pp. 1053-1058.
STEWART D.E., ABBEY S.E., SHNEK Z.M., IRVINE J., GRACE S.L. (2004), “Gender Differences in Health Information Needs and Decisional Preferences in Patients Recovering from an Acute Ischemic Coronary Event”, Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 66, n. 1, pp. 42-48.
SCHWARZER R., FUCHS R. (1995), “Self-efficacy and health behaviors”, in Conner M., Norman P., Eds., Predicting health behavior: Research and practice with social cognition models (163-196), Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
SYKES S., WILLS J., ROWLANDS G., POPPLE K. (2013), “Understanding critical health literacy: a concept analysis”, BMC Public Health, vol. 13, n. 150, Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-150.
VANGEEST J.B., WELCH V.L., WEINER S.J. (2010), “Patients' Perceptions of Screening for Health Literacy: Reactions to the Newest Vital Sign”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 15, n. 4, pp. 402-412.
VON WAGNER C., STEPTOE A., WOLF M.S., WARDLE J. (2009), “Health literacy and health actions: a review and a framework from health psychology”, Health Education & Behavior, vol. 36, n. 5, pp. 860-877.
WANG R.H., HSU H.C., LEE Y.J., SHIN S.J., LIN K.D., AN L.W. (2016), “Patient empowerment interacts with health literacy to associate with subsequent self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in Taiwan”, Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 99, n. 10, pp. 1626-1631.
WEAVER N.L., WRAY R.J, ZELLIN S., GAUTAM K., JUPKA K. (2012), “Advancing organizational health literacy in health care organizations serving high-needs populations: a case study”, Journal of Health Communication, vol. 17, n. S3, pp. 55-66.
WEISS B.D., MAYS M.Z., MARTZ W., CASTRO K.M., DEWALT D.A., PIGNONE M.P., MOCKBEE J., HALE F.A. (2005), “Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: the newest vital sign”, Annals of Family Medicine, vol. 6, n. 3, pp. 514-522.
WIIG S., STORM M., AASE K., GJESTSEN M.T., SOLHEIM M., HARTHUG S., ROBERT G., FULOP N. (2013), “Investigating the use of patient involvement and patient experience in quality improvement in Norway: rhetoric or reality?”, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 13, n. 206, Doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-206.
WOLF M.S., GAZMARARIAN J.A., BAKER D.W. (2005), “Health literacy and functional health status among older adults”, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 165, n. 17, p. 1946.
Downloads
Published
2018-12-28
