Innovare l’offerta estendendo il retail brand: il ruolo della fedeltà e della sensibilità a prezzo e promozione (Innovating the offer by extending the retail brand: the role of loyalty and sensitivity to price and promotion)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s93.2014.07Keywords:
private label, non-traditional products and services, loyalty, price, promotionAbstract
Purpose of the paper: The paper investigates the role that loyalty to the private label, value consciousness and promotion attitude exert in predicting the buying of non-traditional products and services offered with the retail brand name.
Methodology: A logistic binary regression was applied to the data collected through an in-store survey administering a structured questionnaire (N. 139).
Findings: Main findings evidence that behavioral loyalty to the private label and promotion attitude predict the buying of non-traditional retail products and services, while value consciousness is borderline.
Research limits: The sample collected concerns a sole retailer. The loyalty concept investigated represents only one of the necessary components of customer loyalty. The analysis does not distinguish within specific non-traditional products and services.
Practical implications: Results empirically support the innovative decision to extend the offer to no-core products and services by retail managers. Implementing policies aimed at increasing the purchase of private label within the core assortment and at investing in price promotions, non-traditional products and services could benefit from a virtuous cycle. To succeed in this new offer, retailers’ efforts have to focus on the customers more sensitive to private label and below the line promotions.
Originality of the paper: The paper contributes to the literature on private label extending some of its results in the innovative context of non-traditional products and services, poorly explored since now.
References
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AKINCI S., KAYNAK E., ATILGAN E., AKSOY S. (2007), “Where does the logistic regression analysis stand in marketing literature? A comparison of the Market Positioning of Prominent Marketing Journals”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 41, n. 5, pp. 537-567.
AILAWADI K.L., PAUWELS K., STEENKAMP J.B. (2008), “Private-label use and store loyalty”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 72, n. 6, pp. 19-30.
AILAWADI K.L., KELLER L.K. (2004), “Understanding retail branding: conceptual insights and research priorities”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 331-342.
AILAWADI K.L., NESLIN S.A., GEDENK G. (2001), “Pursuing the value-conscious consumer: store brands versus national brand promotions”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 65, n. 1, pp. 71-89.
BALTRAS G. (1997), “Determinants of store brand choice: a behavioral analysis”, Journal of Product Brand Management, vol. 6, n. 5, pp. 315-324.
BAO Y., BAO Y., SHENG S. (2011), “Motivating Purchase of Private Brands: Effects of Store Image, Product Signatureness, and Quality Variation”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 64, n. 2, pp. 220-226.
BATRA R., SINHA I. (2000), “Consumer-level factors moderating the success of private label brands”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 76, n. 2, pp. 175-191.
BERTOLI G., BUSACCA B., PELLONI O. (2008), “La valutazione di un’estensione di marca: consonanza percettiva, familiarità e reputazione”, Sinergie, n. 77, pp. 45-65.
BOLTON R.N., DREW J.H. (1994), “Linking customer satisfaction to service operation and outcomes”, in Oliver R.L., Rust R.T. (a cura di), Service Quality: New Directions in Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
BOTTI S., SOSCIA I. (1999), “L’innovazione della distribuzione europea”, in Valdani E., Castaldo S. (a cura di), Euromanagement. Scenari competitivi e politiche aziendali in un’Europa quasi compiuta, Egea, Milano.
BURT S. (2000), “The strategic role of retail brands in British grocery retailing”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 34, n. 8, pp. 875-890.
BURTON S., LICHTENSTEIN D.R., NETEMEYER R.G., GARRETSON J.A. (1998), “A scale for measuring attitude toward private label products and an examination of its psychological and behavioral correlates” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 26, n. 4, pp. 293-306.
BUSACCA B., BERTOLI G. (2012), “Celebrity endorsement, brand extension, brand loyalty”, Sinergie, n. 89, pp. 51-67
CASTALDO S., MAURI C. (2007), Innovazione, Experience, Partnership. Casi di innovazione nel retail, Franco Angeli, Milano.
COLGATE M., ALEXANDER N. (2002), “Retailers and diversification: the financial service dimension”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 9, n. 1, pp. 1-11.
CORSTJENS M., LAL R. (2000), “Building Store Loyalty through Store Brands”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 37, n. 3, pp. 281-291.
COX D.R., SNELL E.J. (1989), The analysis of binary data, Chapman and Hall, London.
CRISTOL S.M., SEALEY P. (2000), Simplicity Marketing - End Brand Complexity, Clutter, and Confusion, The Free Press, New York.
CUNNINGHAM I.C.M., HARDY A.P., IMPERIA G. (1982), “Generic brands versus national brands and store brands”, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 22, n. 5, pp. 25-32.
DAVIDSON W.R., BATES A.D., BASS S.J. (1976), “The retail life cycle concept”, Harvard Business Review, n. 54, pp. 89-96.
DAWSON J. (2001), “Is there a new commerce in Europe”, The international Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, vol. 11, n. 3, pp. 287-299.
DEKIMPE M.G., STEENKAMP J.B.E.M., MELLENS M., ABEELE P.V. (1997), “Decline and variability in brand loyalty”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 14, n. 5, pp. 405-420.
DE WULF K., ODEKERKEN-SCHRÖDER G., IACOBUCCI D. (2001), “Investments in consumer relationship: A cross-country and cross-industry exploration”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 65, n. 4, pp. 33-50.
DICK A., JAIN A., RICHARDSON P. (1995), “Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations”, Journal of Product Brand Management, vol. 4, n. 4, pp. 15-22.
DUPUIS M. (2001), L’innovation commerciale, Etudes et Recherche, Ceridice, Paris.
FILSER M. (1992), I canali della distribuzione, Etas, Milano.
GARRETSON J.A., FISHER D., BURTON S. (2002), “Antecedents of private label attitude and national brand promotion attitude: similarities and differences”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 78, n. 2, pp. 91-99.
GIST R.R. (1968), Retailing, concept and decision, Wiley, New York.
GOLINELLI G.M. (2004), “Ridefinire il valore della marca”, Sinergie, n. 63, pp. 221-227.
GRAYSON K., AMBLER T. (1999), “The dark side of long term relationships in marketing services”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 36, n. 1, pp. 132-141.
HOLLANDER S.C. (1960), “The wheel of retailing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 25, n.1, pp. 37-42.
HOSMER D.W., LEMESHOW S. (2000), Applied logistic regression, Wiley, New York.
HUDDLESTON P., WHIPPLE J., VANAUKEN A. (2004), “Food store loyalty: Application of a consumer loyalty framework”, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 213-230.
KAHNEMAN D., TVERSKY A. (1973), “On the psychology of prediction”, Psychological review, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 237-251.
KARRY S., ZACCOUR G. (2006), “Could co-op advertising be a manufacturer’s counterstrategy to store brands?”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 59, n. 9, pp. 1008-1015.
KELLER K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 1-17.
LAFORET S. (2007), “British grocers’ brand extension in financial services”, Journal of Product & Brand Management, vol. 16, n. 2, pp. 82-97.
LICHTENSTEIN D.R., RIDGWAY N.M., NETEMEYER R.G. (1993), “Price perceptions and consumer shopping behavior: a field study”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 30, n. 2, pp. 234-245.
LUGLI G. (1993), Economia e politiche di marketing delle imprese commerciali, Utet, Torino.
LUGLI G. (1998), “I formati di punto vendita nel marketing commerciale e industriale”, Trade Marketing, n. 23, pp. 47-92.
LUGLI G. (a cura di) (2003), Branding distributivo, Egea, Milano.
LUGLI G. (a cura di) (2009), Marketing distributivo. La creazione di valore nella distribuzione despecializzata, Wolters Kluver Italia, Milano.
MACINTOSH G., LOCKSHIN L.S. (1997), “Retail relationships and store loyalty: a multi-level perspective”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 5, pp. 487-97.
MÄGI A.W. (2003), “Share of wallet in retailing: The effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 79, n. 2, pp. 97-106.
MANZUR E., OLAVARRIETA S., HIDALGO P., FARÍAS P., URIBE R. (2011), “Store Brand and National Brand Promotion Attitudes Antecedents”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 64, n. 3, pp. 286-291.
MARTINELLI E. (2010), “I prodotti/servizi “Extra” nel rapporto insegna-cliente”, Mercati e Competitività, vol. 4, n. 4, pp. 145-163.
MARTINELLI E. (2012), Distributori grocery in convergenza. Esperienze a confronto, Franco Angeli, Milano.
MCNAIR M.P (1958), “Significant trends and developments in the postwar period”, in Smith, A.B (Eds),Competitive Distribution in a Free, High Level Economy and Its Implication for the University, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA.
MENARD S. (1995), Applied logistic regression analysis, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
MYERS J.G. (1967), “Determinants of Private Brand Attitude”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 73-81.
MYERS R. (1990), Classical and modern regression with applications, Duxbury, Boston.
NAGELKERKE N.J.D. (1991), “A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination”, Biometrika, n. 78, pp. 691-692.
NOGALES A.F., SUAREZ M.G. (2005), “Shelf Space Management of Private labels: a Case study in Spanish Retailing”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 205-216.
NUNNALLY J.C., BERNSTEIN I.H. (1994), Psychometric theory (3rd Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.
PASTORE A. (1996), I nuovi rapporti tra Industria e Distribuzione, Cedam, Padova.
PASTORE A., FORNARI E., CECCONI V. (2007), “Sviluppo e riposizionamento delle marche commerciali”, Finanza, Marketing e Produzione, n. 2, pp. 61-86.
PAULWELS K., SRINIVASAN S. (2004), “Who Benefits from Store Brand Entry”, Marketing Science, vol. 23, n. 3, pp. 364-390.
PARK W., MILBERG S., LAWSON R. (1991), “Evaluation of brand extensions: the role of product feature similarity and brand concept consistency”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 18, n. 2, pp. 185-193.
PUTSIS JR W.P., DHAR R. (2001), “An empirical analysis of the determinants of category expenditure”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 52, n. 3, pp. 277-291.
RICHARDSON P., DICK A., JAIN A. (1994), “Extrinsic and intrinsic cue effects on perceptions of store brand quality”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 58, n. 4, pp. 28-36.
REICHHELD F. (1993), “Loyalty-Based Management”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 71, n. 2, pp. 64-73.
REICHHELD F., SASSER W.E.JR. (1990), “Zero Defections: Quality Comes to Services”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 68, n. 5, pp. 105-111.
SETHURAMAN R. (2003), “Measuring national brands’ equity over store brands”, Review of Marketing Science, vol. 1, n. 2, pp. 1-26.
SIROHI N.E., MCLAUGHLIN W., WITTINK D.R. (1998), “A Model of Consumer Perceptions and Store Loyalty intentions for a Supermarket Retailer, Journal of Retailing, vol. 74, n. 2, pp. 223-245.
SPRANZI A. (1991), La distribuzione commerciale. Economia del commercio e politica commerciale, Franco Angeli, Milano.
SPROTT D.E., SHIMP T.A. (2004), Using product sample to augment the perceived quality of store brands, Journal of Retailing, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 305-315.
STEENKAMP J.B.E.M., VAN HEERDE H., GEYSKENS I. (2010), “What makes consumers willing to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels?”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 47, n.6, pp. 1011-1024.
SYMPHONYIRIGROUP (2012), Le Private Label in Europa - 2012. Esiste un limite alla crescita, Ottobre.
VARALDO R., DALLI D. (1989), “Le relazioni strategiche tra Industria e Distribuzione”, Sinergie, n. 19, pp. 13-48.
Siti internet
http://www.iriworldwide.eu
http://www.nielsen.com
http://plmainternational.com/en/private_label12_en.htm
AKINCI S., KAYNAK E., ATILGAN E., AKSOY S. (2007), “Where does the logistic regression analysis stand in marketing literature? A comparison of the Market Positioning of Prominent Marketing Journals”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 41, n. 5, pp. 537-567.
AILAWADI K.L., PAUWELS K., STEENKAMP J.B. (2008), “Private-label use and store loyalty”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 72, n. 6, pp. 19-30.
AILAWADI K.L., KELLER L.K. (2004), “Understanding retail branding: conceptual insights and research priorities”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 331-342.
AILAWADI K.L., NESLIN S.A., GEDENK G. (2001), “Pursuing the value-conscious consumer: store brands versus national brand promotions”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 65, n. 1, pp. 71-89.
BALTRAS G. (1997), “Determinants of store brand choice: a behavioral analysis”, Journal of Product Brand Management, vol. 6, n. 5, pp. 315-324.
BAO Y., BAO Y., SHENG S. (2011), “Motivating Purchase of Private Brands: Effects of Store Image, Product Signatureness, and Quality Variation”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 64, n. 2, pp. 220-226.
BATRA R., SINHA I. (2000), “Consumer-level factors moderating the success of private label brands”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 76, n. 2, pp. 175-191.
BERTOLI G., BUSACCA B., PELLONI O. (2008), “La valutazione di un’estensione di marca: consonanza percettiva, familiarità e reputazione”, Sinergie, n. 77, pp. 45-65.
BOLTON R.N., DREW J.H. (1994), “Linking customer satisfaction to service operation and outcomes”, in Oliver R.L., Rust R.T. (a cura di), Service Quality: New Directions in Theory and Practice, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
BOTTI S., SOSCIA I. (1999), “L’innovazione della distribuzione europea”, in Valdani E., Castaldo S. (a cura di), Euromanagement. Scenari competitivi e politiche aziendali in un’Europa quasi compiuta, Egea, Milano.
BURT S. (2000), “The strategic role of retail brands in British grocery retailing”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 34, n. 8, pp. 875-890.
BURTON S., LICHTENSTEIN D.R., NETEMEYER R.G., GARRETSON J.A. (1998), “A scale for measuring attitude toward private label products and an examination of its psychological and behavioral correlates” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 26, n. 4, pp. 293-306.
BUSACCA B., BERTOLI G. (2012), “Celebrity endorsement, brand extension, brand loyalty”, Sinergie, n. 89, pp. 51-67
CASTALDO S., MAURI C. (2007), Innovazione, Experience, Partnership. Casi di innovazione nel retail, Franco Angeli, Milano.
COLGATE M., ALEXANDER N. (2002), “Retailers and diversification: the financial service dimension”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 9, n. 1, pp. 1-11.
CORSTJENS M., LAL R. (2000), “Building Store Loyalty through Store Brands”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 37, n. 3, pp. 281-291.
COX D.R., SNELL E.J. (1989), The analysis of binary data, Chapman and Hall, London.
CRISTOL S.M., SEALEY P. (2000), Simplicity Marketing - End Brand Complexity, Clutter, and Confusion, The Free Press, New York.
CUNNINGHAM I.C.M., HARDY A.P., IMPERIA G. (1982), “Generic brands versus national brands and store brands”, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 22, n. 5, pp. 25-32.
DAVIDSON W.R., BATES A.D., BASS S.J. (1976), “The retail life cycle concept”, Harvard Business Review, n. 54, pp. 89-96.
DAWSON J. (2001), “Is there a new commerce in Europe”, The international Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, vol. 11, n. 3, pp. 287-299.
DEKIMPE M.G., STEENKAMP J.B.E.M., MELLENS M., ABEELE P.V. (1997), “Decline and variability in brand loyalty”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 14, n. 5, pp. 405-420.
DE WULF K., ODEKERKEN-SCHRÖDER G., IACOBUCCI D. (2001), “Investments in consumer relationship: A cross-country and cross-industry exploration”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 65, n. 4, pp. 33-50.
DICK A., JAIN A., RICHARDSON P. (1995), “Correlates of store brand proneness: some empirical observations”, Journal of Product Brand Management, vol. 4, n. 4, pp. 15-22.
DUPUIS M. (2001), L’innovation commerciale, Etudes et Recherche, Ceridice, Paris.
FILSER M. (1992), I canali della distribuzione, Etas, Milano.
GARRETSON J.A., FISHER D., BURTON S. (2002), “Antecedents of private label attitude and national brand promotion attitude: similarities and differences”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 78, n. 2, pp. 91-99.
GIST R.R. (1968), Retailing, concept and decision, Wiley, New York.
GOLINELLI G.M. (2004), “Ridefinire il valore della marca”, Sinergie, n. 63, pp. 221-227.
GRAYSON K., AMBLER T. (1999), “The dark side of long term relationships in marketing services”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 36, n. 1, pp. 132-141.
HOLLANDER S.C. (1960), “The wheel of retailing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 25, n.1, pp. 37-42.
HOSMER D.W., LEMESHOW S. (2000), Applied logistic regression, Wiley, New York.
HUDDLESTON P., WHIPPLE J., VANAUKEN A. (2004), “Food store loyalty: Application of a consumer loyalty framework”, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 213-230.
KAHNEMAN D., TVERSKY A. (1973), “On the psychology of prediction”, Psychological review, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 237-251.
KARRY S., ZACCOUR G. (2006), “Could co-op advertising be a manufacturer’s counterstrategy to store brands?”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 59, n. 9, pp. 1008-1015.
KELLER K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 1-17.
LAFORET S. (2007), “British grocers’ brand extension in financial services”, Journal of Product & Brand Management, vol. 16, n. 2, pp. 82-97.
LICHTENSTEIN D.R., RIDGWAY N.M., NETEMEYER R.G. (1993), “Price perceptions and consumer shopping behavior: a field study”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 30, n. 2, pp. 234-245.
LUGLI G. (1993), Economia e politiche di marketing delle imprese commerciali, Utet, Torino.
LUGLI G. (1998), “I formati di punto vendita nel marketing commerciale e industriale”, Trade Marketing, n. 23, pp. 47-92.
LUGLI G. (a cura di) (2003), Branding distributivo, Egea, Milano.
LUGLI G. (a cura di) (2009), Marketing distributivo. La creazione di valore nella distribuzione despecializzata, Wolters Kluver Italia, Milano.
MACINTOSH G., LOCKSHIN L.S. (1997), “Retail relationships and store loyalty: a multi-level perspective”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 5, pp. 487-97.
MÄGI A.W. (2003), “Share of wallet in retailing: The effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics”, Journal of Retailing, vol. 79, n. 2, pp. 97-106.
MANZUR E., OLAVARRIETA S., HIDALGO P., FARÍAS P., URIBE R. (2011), “Store Brand and National Brand Promotion Attitudes Antecedents”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 64, n. 3, pp. 286-291.
MARTINELLI E. (2010), “I prodotti/servizi “Extra” nel rapporto insegna-cliente”, Mercati e Competitività, vol. 4, n. 4, pp. 145-163.
MARTINELLI E. (2012), Distributori grocery in convergenza. Esperienze a confronto, Franco Angeli, Milano.
MCNAIR M.P (1958), “Significant trends and developments in the postwar period”, in Smith, A.B (Eds),Competitive Distribution in a Free, High Level Economy and Its Implication for the University, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA.
MENARD S. (1995), Applied logistic regression analysis, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
MYERS J.G. (1967), “Determinants of Private Brand Attitude”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 73-81.
MYERS R. (1990), Classical and modern regression with applications, Duxbury, Boston.
NAGELKERKE N.J.D. (1991), “A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination”, Biometrika, n. 78, pp. 691-692.
NOGALES A.F., SUAREZ M.G. (2005), “Shelf Space Management of Private labels: a Case study in Spanish Retailing”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 205-216.
NUNNALLY J.C., BERNSTEIN I.H. (1994), Psychometric theory (3rd Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.
PASTORE A. (1996), I nuovi rapporti tra Industria e Distribuzione, Cedam, Padova.
PASTORE A., FORNARI E., CECCONI V. (2007), “Sviluppo e riposizionamento delle marche commerciali”, Finanza, Marketing e Produzione, n. 2, pp. 61-86.
PAULWELS K., SRINIVASAN S. (2004), “Who Benefits from Store Brand Entry”, Marketing Science, vol. 23, n. 3, pp. 364-390.
PARK W., MILBERG S., LAWSON R. (1991), “Evaluation of brand extensions: the role of product feature similarity and brand concept consistency”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 18, n. 2, pp. 185-193.
PUTSIS JR W.P., DHAR R. (2001), “An empirical analysis of the determinants of category expenditure”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 52, n. 3, pp. 277-291.
RICHARDSON P., DICK A., JAIN A. (1994), “Extrinsic and intrinsic cue effects on perceptions of store brand quality”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 58, n. 4, pp. 28-36.
REICHHELD F. (1993), “Loyalty-Based Management”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 71, n. 2, pp. 64-73.
REICHHELD F., SASSER W.E.JR. (1990), “Zero Defections: Quality Comes to Services”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 68, n. 5, pp. 105-111.
SETHURAMAN R. (2003), “Measuring national brands’ equity over store brands”, Review of Marketing Science, vol. 1, n. 2, pp. 1-26.
SIROHI N.E., MCLAUGHLIN W., WITTINK D.R. (1998), “A Model of Consumer Perceptions and Store Loyalty intentions for a Supermarket Retailer, Journal of Retailing, vol. 74, n. 2, pp. 223-245.
SPRANZI A. (1991), La distribuzione commerciale. Economia del commercio e politica commerciale, Franco Angeli, Milano.
SPROTT D.E., SHIMP T.A. (2004), Using product sample to augment the perceived quality of store brands, Journal of Retailing, vol. 80, n. 4, pp. 305-315.
STEENKAMP J.B.E.M., VAN HEERDE H., GEYSKENS I. (2010), “What makes consumers willing to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels?”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 47, n.6, pp. 1011-1024.
SYMPHONYIRIGROUP (2012), Le Private Label in Europa - 2012. Esiste un limite alla crescita, Ottobre.
VARALDO R., DALLI D. (1989), “Le relazioni strategiche tra Industria e Distribuzione”, Sinergie, n. 19, pp. 13-48.
Siti internet
http://www.iriworldwide.eu
http://www.nielsen.com
http://plmainternational.com/en/private_label12_en.htm
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Published
2018-10-28
