Toward the strengthening of enabling technologies in Italy: results of the second survey on procurement 4.0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s116.2021.05Keywords:
Enabling Technologies; Digital Transformation; Industry 4.0; Procurement 4.0; Skills; ItalyAbstract
Purpose of the paper: This paper presents the results of the second survey on Procurement 4.0 in Italy, focusing on the skills needed for digital transformation.
Methodology: The study is conducted through an online questionnaire (CAWI), transmitted by ADACI via email to its members. The results are presented in a comparative format relative to the first survey developed in 2018.
Results: The survey suggests that enabling technologies have evolved, at least in the larger companies, from an infancy phase to a real introduction phase with greater involvement of the procurement function, called to act as a gateway for innovation.
Limitations: Our second survey has a low participation, though higher than the first. As with the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of enabling technologies in ensuring business continuity has been pushed to the fore, we hope that the third wave of the survey will involve more enterprises.
Practical implications: This study provides useful information to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners also suggesting the most appropriate skills to invest in. The findings indicate a strong need for a new training paradigm toward a new integrated mindset.
Originality of the paper: The surveys carried out in the framework of this research project are the first to be developed in Italy on Procurement 4.0. The results contribute to illuminating a phenomenon that remains underexplored. Through a university-business partnership, the study can feed decision-making processes at different levels to support the digital transformation of the Italian economic system.
References
AMBROSETTI (THE EUROPEAN HOUSE) (2017), I CEO italiani di fronte alla rivoluzione 4.0. Come conoscerla e guidarla, available from: https://docplayer.it/53326653-I-ceo-italiani-di-fronte-alla-rivoluzione-4-0.html
BALS L., SCHULZE H., KELLY H., STEK K. (2019), “Purchasing and supply management (PSM) competencies: Current and future requirements”, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol. 25, n. 5, pp. 1-15.
BIENHAUS F., HADDUD A. (2018), “Procurement 4.0: factors influencing the digitisation of procurement and supply chains”, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 24 n. 4, pp. 965-984.
BRETTEL M., FRIEDERICHSEN N., KELLER M., ROSENBERG M. (2014), “How Virtualization, Decentralization and Network Building Change the Manufacturing Landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective”, International Journal of Information and Communication Engineering, vol. 8, n. 1, pp. 37-44.
BRUZZI S., GENCO V., BALBI N. (2019), “The new frontiers of procurement in the digital age. Results of an empirical survey on procurement 4.0 in Italy”, Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, vol. 37, n. 2, pp. 93-118.
CASSA DEPOSITI E PRESTITI (2018), Il sistema produttivo italian. Tra modernizzazione e Industria 4.0, available from: https://www.cdp.it/resources/cms/documents/Quaderno_03_Il_sistema_produttivo_italiano_tra_modernizzazione_e_Industria_4.0.pdf
CHANDRASEKARA S., VIDANAGAMACHCHI K., WICKRAMARACHCHI R. (2020), A Literature Based Survey on Industry 4.0 Technologies for Procurement Optimization, Proceeding of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Dubai, UAE, March 10-12, pp. 1097-1106.
CHRISTOPHER M., TOWILL D.R. (2000), “Supply chain migration from lean and functional to agile and customised”, Supply Chain Management, vol. 5, n. 4, pp. 206-213.
COUSINS P. D., LAWSON B., SQUIRE B. (2006), “An empirical taxonomy of purchasing functions”, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 26 n. 7 pp. 775-794.
DELESALLE P., VAN WESEMAEL T. (2019), The Deloitte Global CPO survey 2019. Complexity: Overcoming obstacles and seizing opportunities, Deloitte Insights, available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/be/en/pages/strategy-operations/articles/global-cpo-survey.html
DELOITTE (2020), COVID-19: Managing supply chain risk and disruption, Deloitte, available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/risk/articles/covid-19-managing-supply-chain-risk-and-disruption.html
ELLRAM L.M., CARR A. (1994), “Strategic purchasing: A history and review of the literature”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, Spring, vol. 30, n. 2, pp. 10-18.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2009), Preparing for our future: Developing a common strategy for key enabling technologies in the EU. Current situation of key enabling technologies in Europe, Commission Staff Working Document accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Brussels, 30.09.2009 SEC(2009) 1257 final, available from https://www.researchitaly.it/uploads/477/staff_working_document_sec512_key_enabling_technologies_en.pdf
FLYNN R., BROWN J. (2020), 2020 CPO Flash Survey reveals shifting procurement strategy amid pandemic, Deloitte Insights, available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/operations/articles/procurement-strategy-2020-cpo-flash-survey.html
GEISSBAUER R., WEISSBARTH R., WETZSTEIN J. (2016), Procurement 4.0. Are you ready for the digital revolution, PWC, available from: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Procurement-4.pdf
GIUNIPERO L.C., BRAND R.R. (1996), “Purchasing’s role in supply chain management”, The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 7, n. 1, pp. 29-38.
GIUNIPERO L., PEARCY D. (2000), “World-Class Purchasing Skills: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 36, n. 4, pp. 4-13.
GIUNIPERO L., DENSLOW D., ELTANTAWY R. (2005), “Purchasing/supply chain management flexibility: Moving to an entrepreneurial skill set”, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 34, n. 6, pp. 602-613.
GLAS A.H., KLEEMANN F.C. (2016), “The Impact of Industry 4.0 on Procurement and Supply Management: A Conceptual and Qualitative Research”, International Journal of Business and Management Invention, vol. 5, n. 6, pp. 55-66.
HUGHES J., ERTEL D. (2016), “The Reinvention of Procurement”, Supply Chain Management Review, vol. 20, n. 3, pp. 18-23.
INDUSTRIA ITALIANA (2020a), Automazione e tecnologie abilitanti: in Sps si spiega che cosa cambia post Covid available from: https://www.industriaitaliana.it/sps-messe-frankfurt-automazione-industria-4-0-digital-transformation-meccatronica-anie-scovenna-kuka-hp-sew-eurodrive-made-taisch-bentivogli/
INDUSTRIA ITALIANA (2020b), PoliMi, l’IIoT cuore pulsante di Industria 4.0 (60% del mercato), available from: https://www.industriaitaliana.it/supply-chain-industria-4-0-iot-cloud-osservatorio-industria-4-0-del-politecnico-di-milano/
JI Z., YANHONG Z., BAICUN W., JIYUAN Z. (2019), “Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (HCPSs) in the Context of New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing”, Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 624-636.
JOHNSON P.F., FLYNN A.E. (2015), Purchasing and Supply Management, McGrawHill, New York.
KLEEMANN F.C., GLAS A.H. (2017), Einkauf 4.0: Digitale Transformation der Beschaffung, Springer-Verlag.
KILPATRICK J., BARTER L. (2020), COVID-19: Managing Supply Chain Risk and Disruption, available from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/finance/Supply-Chain_POV_EN_FINAL-AODA.pdf
LAMMING R., CALDWELL N., PHILLIPS W., HARRISON D. (2005), “Sharing sensitive information in supply relationships: the flaws in one-wayopen-book negotiation and the need for transparency”, European Management Journal, vol. 23, n. 5, pp. 554-570.
MANTEY C. (2015), “Jumping on the Internet of Things bandwagon or get left the dust”, Supply&Demand Chain Executive, vol. 16, n. 2, pp. 11-12.
MEHRA S., INMAN R.A. (2004), “Purchasing management and business competitiveness in the coming decade”, Production Planning and Control, vol. 15, n. 7, pp. 710-718.
MINISTERO DELLO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO (MISE) (2016), Piano Nazionale Industria 4.0, available from: https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/guida_industria_40.pdf
MINISTERO DELLO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO (MISE) (2018), La diffusione delle imprese 4.0 e le politiche: evidenze 2017, available from https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/Rapporto-MiSE-MetI40.pdf
MONCZKA R.M., HANDFIELD R.B., GIUNIPERO L.C., PATTERSON J., WATERS D. (2010), Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Cengage Learning Boston.
PAULRAJ A., CHEN I.J., FLYNN J. (2006), “Levels of strategic purchasing: Impact on supply integration and performance”, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol. 12, n. 3, pp. 107-122.
PORTER M. (1985), The Competitive Advantage, The FreePress, New York.
PORTER M., HEPPELMANN J.E. (2014), “How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition”, Harvard Business Review, vol. 92, n. 11, pp. 64-88.
PROBST L., LEFEBVRE V., MARTINEZ-DIAZ C., BOHN N.U., KLITOU D., CONRADS J. (2018), Digital Transformation Scoreboard 2018: EU businesses go digital: Opportunities, outcomes and uptake, European Commission, available from: https://op.europa.eu/it/publication-detail/-/publication/683fe365-408b-11e9-8d04-01aa75ed71a1
PROBST L., PEDERSEN B., BOHN N., VERZIJL D. (2018), Skills for Smart Industrial Specialisation and Digital Transformation, European Commission, available from: https://skills4industry.eu/sites/default/files/2019-04/SIS-DT-Interim%20Report%20-%20Full%20version.pdf
REJEB A., KEOGH J.G., TREIBLMAIER H. (2019), “Leveraging the Internet of Things and Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management”, Future Internet, vol. 11, n. 7, pp. 1-22.
REPUBBLICA (LA) (2019), Industria 4.0, la corsa a ostacoli dell’Italia tra cultura e competenze digitali, available from: https://www.repubblica.it/economia/rapporti/impresa-italia/tecnologia/2019/07/12/news/industria_4_0_la_corsa_a_ostacoli_dell_italia_tra_cultura_e_competenze_digitali-231038186/
SCHMOCK D.A., RUDZKI R.A., ROGERS S.C. (2007), On-Demand Supply Management: World Class Strategies, Practices, and Technology, J. Ross Publishing, Fort Lauderdale.
STANTON CHASE (2017), 2017 Global Industrial Survey, available from https://www.stantonchase.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017-Global-Industrial-Survey.pdf
TASSABEHJI R., MOORHOUSE A. (2008), “The changing role of procurement: Developing professional effectiveness”, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, vol. 14, n. 1, pp. 55-68.
VAIDYA, AMBAD AND BHOSLE (2018), “Industry 4.0 - A Glimpse”, Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 20, pp. 233-238.
UNIVERSITY OF PADUA, LABORATORIO MANIFATTURA DIGITALE (2018), Secondo Rapporto Industria 4.0 nelle PMI italiane, available from: https://www.economia.unipd.it/sites/economia.unipd.it/files/Rapporto_LMD_2018.pdf
WANG Y., HAN J.H., BEYNON-DAVIS P. (2018), “Understanding blockchain technology for future supply chains: a systematic literature review and research agenda”, Supply Chain Management, vol. 24, n. 1, pp. 62-84
ZHENG T., ARDOLINO M., BACCHETTI A., ZANARDINI M. (2020), “The impacts of Industry 4.0: a descriptive survey in the Italian manufacturing sector”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 31, n. 5, 2020, pp. 1085-1115
