Image analysis e wine tourism destination: la prospettiva dell’enoturista (Image analysis and wine tourism destination: the wine tourist perspective)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7433/s90.2013.08Keywords:
destination management, wine tourism, imageAbstract
Purpose of the paper: The main objective of the research is to identify the drivers that define the image of wine tourism destinations, and analyze its role in the perception of the wine tourists.
Methodology: Embracing the principles of management literature in the field of Destination Management and, specifically, of Destination Image, the methodological measurement framework proposed by Echtner and Ritchie (1991) has been adopted.
Findings: A resource map was decided on, the aim of which was to qualify the image of a wine tourism destination. It checked the relevance given by wine tourists, with a specific focus on the main international wine tourism destinations.
Pratical implications: If properly contextualized, the general mapping represents a useful tool which is able to assess the magnitude of the path that an area should take to enhance basic prerequisites so as to make them identifiable as a system of wine tourism for the wine tourist.
Originality and research limits: The main element of originality in this research lies in the fact that it applies consolidated Destination Image analysis methodology to a wine tourism destination; indeed the importance of wine tourism has been increasing in terms of tourism development, nevertheless it has not been investigated in any great depth. However, there are inevitably limits arising from the difficulty in defining the samples in accordance with appropriate statistical rules that allow a generalization of the results.
References
AAKER D.A. (1996), “Measuring brand equity across products and markets”, California Management Review, vol. 38, n. 3, pp. 102-120.
AHMED Z.(1991), “The Influence of the Components of a State’s Tourist Image on Product Positioning Strategy”, Tourism Management, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 331-340.
BAKER B. (2007), Destination branding for small cities: The essentials for successful place branding, Creative Leap Books, Portland.
BALOGLU S., MCCLEARY K.W. (1999), “A model of destination image formation”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26, n. 4, pp. 868-897.
BARICH H., KOTLER P. (1991), “A Framework for Marketing Image Management”, Sloan Management Review, vol. 32, n. 2, pp. 94-104.
BEERLI A., MARTÍN J.D. (2004), “Factors influencing destination image”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 31, n. 3, pp. 657-681.
BIGNÈ E., SANCHEZ M.I., SANCHEZ J. (2001), “Tourism Image, Evaluation Variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship”, Tourism Management, vol. 22, n. 6, pp. 607-616.
BLAIN C., LEVY S.E., RITCHIE J.R.B. (2005), “Destination branding: insights and practices from destination management organizations”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 43, n. 4, pp. 328-338.
BUHALIS D. (2000), “Marketing the competitive destination of the future”, Tourism Management, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 97-116.
CAI L.A. (2002), “Cooperative branding for rural destinations”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 29, n. 3, pp. 720-742.
CAI L.A., FENG R., BREITER D. (2004), “Tourist purchase decision involvement and information preferences”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 10, n. 2, pp. 138-148.
CHARTERS S., ALI-KNIGHT J. (2002), “Who is the wine tourist?”, Tourism Management, vol. 23, n. 3, pp. 311-319.
CHON K. (1990), “The Role of Destination Image in Tourism: A Review and Discussion”, The Tourist Review, vol. 45, n. 2, pp. 2-9.
CLIFTON R. (2003), “The future of brands”, in Clifton R. (Ed.), Brands and branding, Bloomberg Press, NY, pp. 227-241.
CROMPTON J.L. (1979), “An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 17, n. 4, pp. 18-23.
DADGOSTAR B., ISOTALO R.M. (1995), “Content of City Destination Image for Near-Home Tourists”, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, vol. 3, n. 2, pp. 25-34.
DANA C.J., MCCLEARLY K.W. (1995), “Influencing associations’ site-selection process”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 61-68.
DANN G.M.S. (1996), “Tourists’ images of a destination-an alternative analysis”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 5, n. 1-2, pp. 41-55.
DOBNI D., ZINKHAN G.M. (1990), “In search of brand image: a foundation analysis”, in Goldber M.E., Gorn G., Pollay R.W. (Eds.), Advances in consumer research, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, vol. 17, pp. 110-119.
ECHTNER C.M., RITCHIE J.R.B. (1991), “The meaning and measurement of destination image”, Journal of Tourism Studies, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 2-12.
ECHTNER C.M., RITCHIE J.R.B. (1993), “The measurement of destination image: an empirical assessment”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 31, n. 4, pp. 3-13.
ELLIOT S., PAPADOPOULOS N., KIM S.S., (2011)”An Integrative Model of Place Image: Exploring Relationships between Destination, Product, and Country Images”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 50, n. 5, pp. 520-534.
EMBACHER J., BUTTLE F. (1989), “A repertory grid analysis of Austria’s image as a summer vacation destination”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 27, n. 27 (winter), pp. 3-7.
FLOREK M. (2005), “The country brand as a new challenge for Poland”, Place Branding, vol. 1, n. 2, pp. 205-214.
FOSTER N., JONES E. (2000), “Image versus Identity: Representing and comparing Destination Images Across a Tourist System - The case of Wales”, in Robinson M., Evans N., Long P., Sharpley R., Swarbrooke J. (eds.), Management, Marketing and the Political Economy of Travel and Tourism, Center for Travel and Tourism and Business Education Publishers Ltd.
GALLARZA M., GIL I.S., CALDERON H.G. (2002), “Destination Image: Towards a Conceptual Framework”, Annals Tourism Research, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 56-78.
GARTNER W. (1993), “Image Formation Process”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 2, n. 2/3, pp. 191-215.
GARTNER C.G., HUNT J.D. (1987), “An analysis of state image change over a twelve-year period (1971-1983)”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 15-19.
GOODRICH J. (1978), “The Relationship between Preferences For and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations: Application of a Choice Model”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 17, n. 2, pp. 8-13.
GOVERS R., GO F.M., KUMAR K. (2007), “Promoting tourism destination image”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 46, n. 1, pp. 15-23.
GUNN C.A. (1972), Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions, Austin, Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.
HALL M., SHARPLES L., CAMBOURNE B., MACIONIS N. (Eds.) (2000), Wine tourism around the world: Development, management and markets, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
HALL C.M., MITCHELL R.D. (2002). “The tourist terroir of New Zealand wine: The importance of region in the wine tourism experience”, in Montanari A., Food and environment: Geographies of taste, Società Geografica Italiana, Roma.
HAUGLAND S.A., NESS H., GRONSETH B.O., AARSTAD J. (2011), “Development of tourism destinations. An integrated multilevel perspective”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 38, n. 1, pp. 268-290.
HOSANY S., YUKSEL E., UYSAL M. (2006), “Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 59, n. 5, pp. 638-642.
HUNT J.D. (1975), “Image as a Factor in Tourism Development”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 13, n. 3, pp. 1-7.
JAGO L., CHALIP L., BROWN G., MULEST T., ALI S. (2003), “Building events into desti-nation branding: insights from experts”, Event Management, vol. 8, n. 1, pp. 3-14.
KAPFERER J.N. (1997), Strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term, (2nd ed.), Kogan Page Limited, London.
KAPLANIDOU K., VOGT C. (2003), Destination branding: concept and measurement, http:www.tourismcenter.msu.edu, Accessed 15.06.11.
KELLER K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, measuring and managing customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
KIM S., YOON Y. (2003), “The Hierarchical Effects of Affective and Cognitive Components on Tourism Destination Image”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 14, n. 2, pp. 1-22.
KOTLER P., HAIDER D.H., REIN I. (1993), Marketing Places, The Free Press, New York.
LASSAR W., MIITTAL B., SHARMA A. (1995), “Measuring customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 11-19.
LEISEN B. (2001), “Image segmentation: the case of a tourism destination”, Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 49-66.
MACKAY K.J., FESENMAIER D.R. (2000), “An exploration of cross-cultural destination image assessment”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 38, n. 4, pp. 417-423.
MARTINEZ E., DE CHERNATONY L. (2004), “The effect of brand extension strategies upon brand image”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 39-50.
MAYO E.J. (1973), “Regional images and regional travel behaviour”, The Travel Research Association Fourth Annual Conference, Proceedings, Sun Valley, Idaho.
MIN HAN C. (1989), “Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 222-229.
MITCHELL R., HALL C.M., MCINTOSH A. (2000), “Wine tourism and consumer behaviour”, in Hall C.M., Sharples L., Cambourne B., Macionis N. (Eds.), Wine tourism around the world: Development, management and markets, Elsevier Science, Oxford.
MORGAN N., PRITCHARD A., PIGGOTT R. (2002), “New Zealand, 100% pure. The creation of a powerful niche destination brand”, Brand Management, vol. 9, n. 4/5, pp. 335-354.
MORRISON A., ANDERSON D. (2002), Destination branding. Available from: http://www.macvb.org/intranet/presentation/DestinationBrandingLOzarks6-10-02.ppt. Accessed 18.06.12.
MURPHY J. (1998), “What is branding?”, in Hart S., Murphy J. (Eds.), Brands: The new wealth creator, New York University Press, New York, pp. 1-12.
NANDAN S. (2005), “An exploration of the brand identity-brand image link age: a communications perspective”, Brand Management, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 264-278.
OOI C.S. (2004), “Poetics politics of destination branding: Denmark”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality Tourism, vol. 4, n. 2, pp. 107-128.
PAPPU R., QUESTER P.G., COOKSEY R.W. (2005), “Consumer-based brand equity and country-of-origin relationships”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 40, n. 5-6, pp. 696-717.
PARENTEAU A. (1995), Marketing Practico del Turismo, Sintesis S.A., Madrid.
PEARCE P.L., (1982) “Perceived Changes in Holiday Destinations”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 9, pp. 145-164.
PENCARELLI T., GREGORI G.L. (a cura di) (2009), Comunicazione e branding delle destinazioni turistiche. Una prospettiva manageriale, Franco Angeli, Milano.
PETERS G.L. (1997). American winescapes: The cultural landscapes of America’s wine country, Westview Press, USA.
PIKE S., RYAN C. (2004), “Destination Positioning Analysis through a Comparison of Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Perceptions”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 2, n. 4, pp. 333-342.
PIKKEMAAT B. (2004), “The measurement of destination image: the case of Austria”, The Poznan University of Economics Review, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 87-102.
REYNOLDS W.H. (1985), “The role of consumer in image building”, California Management Review, Spring, pp.69-76.
RIES A., TROUT J. (1972), The Positioning Era Cometh, Advertising Age, New York.
RITCHIE J.R.B., RITCHIE R.J.B. (1998), “The branding of tourism destinations: past achievements and future challenges”, in AIEST. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1998 annual congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, destination marketing: Scopes and limitations, International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Marrakech, pp. 89-116.
ROSATO P., IAZZI A., (2008), “Il sistema delle risorse immateriali nei processi competitivi delle destinazioni turistiche”, in Atti del XXXIII Convegno AIDEA “Le risorse immateriali nell’economia delle aziende”, 24-25 settembre, Ancona.
ROSATO P., SCORRANO P. (2010), “Un modello interpretativo per i sistemi turistici di prodotto. Il caso del STP Puglia Food and Wine”, Sinergie Rapporti di Ricerca, n. 31, pp. 217-242.
RYAN C. (2003), Recreational Tourism. Demand and Impact, Channel View Publications, New York.
SCORRANO P. (2011), “The 2.0 marketing strategies for wine tourism destinations of excellence”, Chinese Business Review, vol. 10, n. 10, pp. 948-960.
SCORRANO P. (2011), “Wine Tourism Development of the Territory: A Comparative Analysis of Destinations of Excellence”, in Conference Proceedings of 12th International Conference “Building Capabilities for Sustainable Global Business: Balancing Corporate Success Social Good”, July 21, 22, 23, Singapore.
SONMEZ S., SIRAKAYA E. (2002), “A distorted destination image? The case of Turkey”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 41, n. 2, pp. 185-196.
TAPACHAI N., WARYSZAK R. (2000), “An Examination of the Role of Beneficial Image in Tourist Destination Selection”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 39, n. 1, pp. 37-44.
TASCI A.D.A., KOZAK M. (2006), “Destination brands vs destination images: do we know what we mean?”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 299-317.
TELFER D.J. (2001). “From a wine tourism village to a regional wine route: An investigation of the competitive advantage of embedded clusters in Niagara, Canada”, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 23-33.
UYSAL M., CHEN J.S.,WILLIAMS D.R. (2000), “Increasing state market share through a regional positioning”, Tourism Management, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 89-96.
WALMSLEY D., YOUNG D. (1998), “Evaluative Images and Tourism: The Use of Personal Constructs to Describe the Structure of Destination Images”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 36, n. 3, pp. 65-69.
WARD S., LIGHT L., GOLDSTINE J. (1999), “What high-tech managers need to know about brand”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 85-95.
WOODSIDE A.G., LYSONSKY S., (1989) “A General Model of Traveller Destination Choice”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 27, n. 4, pp. 8-14.
AHMED Z.(1991), “The Influence of the Components of a State’s Tourist Image on Product Positioning Strategy”, Tourism Management, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 331-340.
BAKER B. (2007), Destination branding for small cities: The essentials for successful place branding, Creative Leap Books, Portland.
BALOGLU S., MCCLEARY K.W. (1999), “A model of destination image formation”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26, n. 4, pp. 868-897.
BARICH H., KOTLER P. (1991), “A Framework for Marketing Image Management”, Sloan Management Review, vol. 32, n. 2, pp. 94-104.
BEERLI A., MARTÍN J.D. (2004), “Factors influencing destination image”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 31, n. 3, pp. 657-681.
BIGNÈ E., SANCHEZ M.I., SANCHEZ J. (2001), “Tourism Image, Evaluation Variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship”, Tourism Management, vol. 22, n. 6, pp. 607-616.
BLAIN C., LEVY S.E., RITCHIE J.R.B. (2005), “Destination branding: insights and practices from destination management organizations”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 43, n. 4, pp. 328-338.
BUHALIS D. (2000), “Marketing the competitive destination of the future”, Tourism Management, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 97-116.
CAI L.A. (2002), “Cooperative branding for rural destinations”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 29, n. 3, pp. 720-742.
CAI L.A., FENG R., BREITER D. (2004), “Tourist purchase decision involvement and information preferences”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 10, n. 2, pp. 138-148.
CHARTERS S., ALI-KNIGHT J. (2002), “Who is the wine tourist?”, Tourism Management, vol. 23, n. 3, pp. 311-319.
CHON K. (1990), “The Role of Destination Image in Tourism: A Review and Discussion”, The Tourist Review, vol. 45, n. 2, pp. 2-9.
CLIFTON R. (2003), “The future of brands”, in Clifton R. (Ed.), Brands and branding, Bloomberg Press, NY, pp. 227-241.
CROMPTON J.L. (1979), “An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 17, n. 4, pp. 18-23.
DADGOSTAR B., ISOTALO R.M. (1995), “Content of City Destination Image for Near-Home Tourists”, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, vol. 3, n. 2, pp. 25-34.
DANA C.J., MCCLEARLY K.W. (1995), “Influencing associations’ site-selection process”, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, vol. 36, n. 2, pp. 61-68.
DANN G.M.S. (1996), “Tourists’ images of a destination-an alternative analysis”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 5, n. 1-2, pp. 41-55.
DOBNI D., ZINKHAN G.M. (1990), “In search of brand image: a foundation analysis”, in Goldber M.E., Gorn G., Pollay R.W. (Eds.), Advances in consumer research, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, vol. 17, pp. 110-119.
ECHTNER C.M., RITCHIE J.R.B. (1991), “The meaning and measurement of destination image”, Journal of Tourism Studies, vol. 2, n. 2, pp. 2-12.
ECHTNER C.M., RITCHIE J.R.B. (1993), “The measurement of destination image: an empirical assessment”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 31, n. 4, pp. 3-13.
ELLIOT S., PAPADOPOULOS N., KIM S.S., (2011)”An Integrative Model of Place Image: Exploring Relationships between Destination, Product, and Country Images”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 50, n. 5, pp. 520-534.
EMBACHER J., BUTTLE F. (1989), “A repertory grid analysis of Austria’s image as a summer vacation destination”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 27, n. 27 (winter), pp. 3-7.
FLOREK M. (2005), “The country brand as a new challenge for Poland”, Place Branding, vol. 1, n. 2, pp. 205-214.
FOSTER N., JONES E. (2000), “Image versus Identity: Representing and comparing Destination Images Across a Tourist System - The case of Wales”, in Robinson M., Evans N., Long P., Sharpley R., Swarbrooke J. (eds.), Management, Marketing and the Political Economy of Travel and Tourism, Center for Travel and Tourism and Business Education Publishers Ltd.
GALLARZA M., GIL I.S., CALDERON H.G. (2002), “Destination Image: Towards a Conceptual Framework”, Annals Tourism Research, vol. 29, n. 1, pp. 56-78.
GARTNER W. (1993), “Image Formation Process”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 2, n. 2/3, pp. 191-215.
GARTNER C.G., HUNT J.D. (1987), “An analysis of state image change over a twelve-year period (1971-1983)”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 15-19.
GOODRICH J. (1978), “The Relationship between Preferences For and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations: Application of a Choice Model”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 17, n. 2, pp. 8-13.
GOVERS R., GO F.M., KUMAR K. (2007), “Promoting tourism destination image”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 46, n. 1, pp. 15-23.
GUNN C.A. (1972), Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions, Austin, Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.
HALL M., SHARPLES L., CAMBOURNE B., MACIONIS N. (Eds.) (2000), Wine tourism around the world: Development, management and markets, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
HALL C.M., MITCHELL R.D. (2002). “The tourist terroir of New Zealand wine: The importance of region in the wine tourism experience”, in Montanari A., Food and environment: Geographies of taste, Società Geografica Italiana, Roma.
HAUGLAND S.A., NESS H., GRONSETH B.O., AARSTAD J. (2011), “Development of tourism destinations. An integrated multilevel perspective”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 38, n. 1, pp. 268-290.
HOSANY S., YUKSEL E., UYSAL M. (2006), “Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places”, Journal of Business Research, vol. 59, n. 5, pp. 638-642.
HUNT J.D. (1975), “Image as a Factor in Tourism Development”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 13, n. 3, pp. 1-7.
JAGO L., CHALIP L., BROWN G., MULEST T., ALI S. (2003), “Building events into desti-nation branding: insights from experts”, Event Management, vol. 8, n. 1, pp. 3-14.
KAPFERER J.N. (1997), Strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term, (2nd ed.), Kogan Page Limited, London.
KAPLANIDOU K., VOGT C. (2003), Destination branding: concept and measurement, http:www.tourismcenter.msu.edu, Accessed 15.06.11.
KELLER K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, measuring and managing customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 57, n. 1, pp. 1-22.
KIM S., YOON Y. (2003), “The Hierarchical Effects of Affective and Cognitive Components on Tourism Destination Image”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 14, n. 2, pp. 1-22.
KOTLER P., HAIDER D.H., REIN I. (1993), Marketing Places, The Free Press, New York.
LASSAR W., MIITTAL B., SHARMA A. (1995), “Measuring customer-based brand equity”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 11-19.
LEISEN B. (2001), “Image segmentation: the case of a tourism destination”, Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 15, n. 1, pp. 49-66.
MACKAY K.J., FESENMAIER D.R. (2000), “An exploration of cross-cultural destination image assessment”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 38, n. 4, pp. 417-423.
MARTINEZ E., DE CHERNATONY L. (2004), “The effect of brand extension strategies upon brand image”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 39-50.
MAYO E.J. (1973), “Regional images and regional travel behaviour”, The Travel Research Association Fourth Annual Conference, Proceedings, Sun Valley, Idaho.
MIN HAN C. (1989), “Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 222-229.
MITCHELL R., HALL C.M., MCINTOSH A. (2000), “Wine tourism and consumer behaviour”, in Hall C.M., Sharples L., Cambourne B., Macionis N. (Eds.), Wine tourism around the world: Development, management and markets, Elsevier Science, Oxford.
MORGAN N., PRITCHARD A., PIGGOTT R. (2002), “New Zealand, 100% pure. The creation of a powerful niche destination brand”, Brand Management, vol. 9, n. 4/5, pp. 335-354.
MORRISON A., ANDERSON D. (2002), Destination branding. Available from: http://www.macvb.org/intranet/presentation/DestinationBrandingLOzarks6-10-02.ppt. Accessed 18.06.12.
MURPHY J. (1998), “What is branding?”, in Hart S., Murphy J. (Eds.), Brands: The new wealth creator, New York University Press, New York, pp. 1-12.
NANDAN S. (2005), “An exploration of the brand identity-brand image link age: a communications perspective”, Brand Management, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 264-278.
OOI C.S. (2004), “Poetics politics of destination branding: Denmark”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality Tourism, vol. 4, n. 2, pp. 107-128.
PAPPU R., QUESTER P.G., COOKSEY R.W. (2005), “Consumer-based brand equity and country-of-origin relationships”, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 40, n. 5-6, pp. 696-717.
PARENTEAU A. (1995), Marketing Practico del Turismo, Sintesis S.A., Madrid.
PEARCE P.L., (1982) “Perceived Changes in Holiday Destinations”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 9, pp. 145-164.
PENCARELLI T., GREGORI G.L. (a cura di) (2009), Comunicazione e branding delle destinazioni turistiche. Una prospettiva manageriale, Franco Angeli, Milano.
PETERS G.L. (1997). American winescapes: The cultural landscapes of America’s wine country, Westview Press, USA.
PIKE S., RYAN C. (2004), “Destination Positioning Analysis through a Comparison of Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Perceptions”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 2, n. 4, pp. 333-342.
PIKKEMAAT B. (2004), “The measurement of destination image: the case of Austria”, The Poznan University of Economics Review, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 87-102.
REYNOLDS W.H. (1985), “The role of consumer in image building”, California Management Review, Spring, pp.69-76.
RIES A., TROUT J. (1972), The Positioning Era Cometh, Advertising Age, New York.
RITCHIE J.R.B., RITCHIE R.J.B. (1998), “The branding of tourism destinations: past achievements and future challenges”, in AIEST. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1998 annual congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, destination marketing: Scopes and limitations, International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism, Marrakech, pp. 89-116.
ROSATO P., IAZZI A., (2008), “Il sistema delle risorse immateriali nei processi competitivi delle destinazioni turistiche”, in Atti del XXXIII Convegno AIDEA “Le risorse immateriali nell’economia delle aziende”, 24-25 settembre, Ancona.
ROSATO P., SCORRANO P. (2010), “Un modello interpretativo per i sistemi turistici di prodotto. Il caso del STP Puglia Food and Wine”, Sinergie Rapporti di Ricerca, n. 31, pp. 217-242.
RYAN C. (2003), Recreational Tourism. Demand and Impact, Channel View Publications, New York.
SCORRANO P. (2011), “The 2.0 marketing strategies for wine tourism destinations of excellence”, Chinese Business Review, vol. 10, n. 10, pp. 948-960.
SCORRANO P. (2011), “Wine Tourism Development of the Territory: A Comparative Analysis of Destinations of Excellence”, in Conference Proceedings of 12th International Conference “Building Capabilities for Sustainable Global Business: Balancing Corporate Success Social Good”, July 21, 22, 23, Singapore.
SONMEZ S., SIRAKAYA E. (2002), “A distorted destination image? The case of Turkey”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 41, n. 2, pp. 185-196.
TAPACHAI N., WARYSZAK R. (2000), “An Examination of the Role of Beneficial Image in Tourist Destination Selection”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 39, n. 1, pp. 37-44.
TASCI A.D.A., KOZAK M. (2006), “Destination brands vs destination images: do we know what we mean?”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 12, n. 4, pp. 299-317.
TELFER D.J. (2001). “From a wine tourism village to a regional wine route: An investigation of the competitive advantage of embedded clusters in Niagara, Canada”, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 26, n. 2, pp. 23-33.
UYSAL M., CHEN J.S.,WILLIAMS D.R. (2000), “Increasing state market share through a regional positioning”, Tourism Management, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 89-96.
WALMSLEY D., YOUNG D. (1998), “Evaluative Images and Tourism: The Use of Personal Constructs to Describe the Structure of Destination Images”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 36, n. 3, pp. 65-69.
WARD S., LIGHT L., GOLDSTINE J. (1999), “What high-tech managers need to know about brand”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 85-95.
WOODSIDE A.G., LYSONSKY S., (1989) “A General Model of Traveller Destination Choice”, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 27, n. 4, pp. 8-14.
Downloads
Published
2018-10-28
